''Helicopsis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family

Geomitridae Geomitridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). M ...

. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Helicopsis Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=934023 on 2022-07-31

Distribution

Distribution of the genus ''Helicopsis'' range Central and Eastern Europe to

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Species

The species composition of ''Helicopsis'' was largely reviewed after revisions with methods of molecular taxonomy, many of the previously recognized species were shown to be conspecific and many other to be not related with true ''Helicopsis''. After these revisions only 9 or 10 species can be placed into ''Helicopsis'': * ''

Helicopsis aelleni ''Helicopsis'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Helicopsis Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Hausdorf, 1996 -

Northern Iran Northern Iran consists of the southern border of the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountains. It includes the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan. (Ancient kingdom of Hyrcania, medieval region of Tabaristan). The major provinces, Gilan ...

* '' Helicopsis anflousiana'' (Pallary, 1913) * '' Helicopsis austriaca'' Gittenberger, 1969 -

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

* '' Helicopsis buslimiana'' (Pollonera in Kobelt, 1898) -

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

* '' Helicopsis carrossei'' (Pallary, 1936) * '' Helicopsis cereoflava'' (Bielz, 1851) -

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

, probably a synonym of '' Helicopsis lunulata'' * '' Helicopsis cypriola'' (Westerlund, 1889) * ''

Helicopsis dejecta ''Helicopsis'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Helicopsis Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' (Jan, 1832) -

Azov Sea The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, ...

* '' Helicopsis filimargo'' (Krynicki, 1833) - Southern and Eastern

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

, adjacent regions of

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, extremely variable, previously treated as several species * ''

Helicopsis gittenbergeri ''Helicopsis'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Helicopsis Fitzinger, 1833. A ...

'' Hausdorf, 1990 -

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

* '' Helicopsis hungarica'' (Soós & H. Wagner, 1935) -

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...

and isolated locality in

* '' Helicopsis larbiana'' (Pallary, 1928) * '' Helicopsis likharevi'' Schileyko, 1978 -

Kopet Dag The Köpet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh ( tk, Köpetdag; fa, کپه‌داغ), also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about along the border southeast o ...

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

* '' Helicopsis lunulata'' (Krynicki, 1833) -

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...

, adjacent regions of

and probably

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

* '' Helicopsis persica'' Hausdorf & Bössneck, 2016 -

* † '' Helicopsis phrygostriata'' (Oppenheim, 1919) * † '' Helicopsis piedmontanica'' Harzhauser, Neubauer & Esu in Harzhauser et al., 2015 * † '' Helicopsis praecursor'' (Wenz, 1927) * '' Helicopsis striata'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - type species,"Species in genus ''Helicopsis''"
(n=13). AnimalBase, accessed 11 June 2012. distributed only in

* '' Helicopsis subcalcarata'' (Nägele, 1903) * † '' Helicopsis suevica'' Gottschick & Wenz, 1927 * '' Helicopsis teboudensis'' (Pallary, 1928) * '' Helicopsis welschi'' (Pallary, 1899) * † '' Helicopsis wenzi'' Schütt, 1985 Synonyms that were recognized as species before 21st century: * ''Helicopsis altenai'' Gasull, 1974 accepted as ''

Xerotricha vatonniana ''Xerotricha'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Xerotricha Monterosato, 1892. Accessed thro ...

'' (Bourguignat, 1867) (junior synonym) * ''Helicopsis arenosa'' (Krynicki, 1836) accepted as ''Helicopsis filimargo arenosa'' (Krynicki, 1836) accepted as '' Helicopsis filimargo'' (Krynicki, 1833) * ''Helicopsis dejecta'' (Rossmässler, 1838) - synonym of '' Helicopsis filimargo'' * ''Helicopsis depulsa'' (Pintér, 1969): synonym of ''

Xerolenta depulsa ''Xerolenta'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Geomitridae Geomitridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land sna ...

'' (L. Pintér, 1969) (taxon inquirendum) * ''Helicopsis gigaxii'' Haas, 1924 is a synonym of ''

Xerocrassa ripacurcica ''Xerocrassa ripacurcica'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Xerocrassa ripacurcica (Bofill, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

'' (Bofill, 1886) * ''Helicopsis instabilis'' (Rossmässler, 1838) - synonym of '' Helicopsis lunulata'' * ''Helicopsis leptocolpata'' (Pallary,1923): synonym of '' Xerosecta leptocolpata'' (P.M. Pallary, 1923) * ''Helicopsis luganica'' Gural-Sverlova, 2010 accepted as '' Helicopsis filimargo'' (Krynicki, 1833) (junior synonym) * ''Helicopsis martynovi'' Gural-Sverlova, 2010 accepted as '' Helicopsis filimargo'' (Krynicki, 1833) (junior synonym) * ''Helicopsis murcica'' (A. Schmidt, 1854) accepted as '' Xerocrassa subrogata'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) (invalid; based on a preoccupied original name) * ''Helicopsis paulhessei'' (Lindholm, 1936) - synonym of '' Helicopsis filimargo'' * ''Helicopsis retowskii'' (Clessin, 1883) - synonym of '' Helicopsis filimargo'' * ''Helicopsis subfilimargo'' Gural-Sverlova, 2010 accepted as '' Helicopsis filimargo'' (Krynicki, 1833) (junior synonym) * ''Helicopsis tabulae'' Chaper, 1855 accepted as '' Lyrocystis perplicata'' (Benson, 1851) (synonym) * ''Helicopsis turcica'' (Holten, 1802): synonym of '' Xeroleuca turcica'' (Chemnitz, 1795) Species and synonyms that were placed into ''Helicopsis'', but are not: * '' Helicopsis conopsis'' Morelet, 1876

References

{{Commons category Geomitridae Gastropod genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot