Hele-On Bus is the
public transport bus service
Public transport bus services are generally based on regular operation of transit buses along a route calling at agreed bus stops according to a published public transport timetable.
History of buses Origins
While there are indications ...
provided by the
County of Hawaii
Hawaii County ( haw, Kalana o Hawaiʻi) (officially known as the County of Hawaii) is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. It is coextensive with the Island of Hawaii, often called the "Big Island" to distinguish it fro ...
on the
Big Island,
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
. It serves a limited number of routes on limited frequency.
History
Prior to 1976, public transport in the
Hilo
Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...
area was provided by "sampan" buses converted locally from conventional passenger automobiles and operated as taxi or jitney services.
The first "sampan" was credited to Hilo taxi driver Fukumatsu Kusumoto, who converted a Ford in 1922 by expanding the passenger compartment and installing wooden benches.
[ Most sampans retained the passenger compartment from the back of the driver's seat forward; the remainder of the body was cut away and replaced with a homebuilt open-sided bed with a canvas roof, accommodating approximately twelve passengers on longitudinal benches. In Hawaiian, sampan buses are called ''kaa huli aku huli mai'', the 'face one another' bus, after the bench seating arrangements. A 1971 article promoting tourism to the island called them "as anachronistic and beloved as San Francisco's cable cars."
In the late 1930s, sampan bus fares dropped from 15 cents to 5 cents as competition increased. The Board of Supervisors of the County of Hawaii created the Bus Control Committee in 1948 to regulate the sampan bus industry, and required all licensed operators to use the terminal in Mooheau Park starting in 1949. A law was passed in 1962 to exempt sampan buses from the vehicle safety laws introduced by the 1961 Motor Carriers Act; the sampan bus exemption remained until 2014, limited to a radius of centered on Hilo, when it was removed via HB2351/SB2901. At one point, there were more than 80 sampan buses in Hilo, but only 9 were left by 1972. The ]Lyman House Memorial Museum
The Lyman House Memorial Museum, also known as the Lyman Museum and Lyman House, is a Hilo, Hawaii-based natural history museum founded in 1931 in the Lyman family mission house, originally built in 1838. The main collections were moved to an ad ...
offered tours of Hilo starting in 1988, aboard a restored vintage 1948 Plymouth 13-passenger sampan bus,[ but it was sold to Hamakua Springs Country Farms proprietor Richard Ha in the early 2000s.
]
Origins
In 1968, the County Economic Development Department began considering whether to subsidize or assume control of the aging sampan fleet, concluding it would cost an estimated $95–100,000/year to operate five routes. At that point, the average sampan bus was 20 years old, operated by drivers averaging 58 years old earning a net income of only $1 to $1.25 per hour after expenses. Hawaii County Councilman James Souza sponsored a bill to create a County transportation agency in 1971, and the County was awarded a $31,616 federal grant that June to begin studying the area's transportation needs. The ''Hawaii County Transit System'' report was published in May 1972 and submitted to the County Council in September of that year.
The county transportation system was officially launched on November 29, 1973 with a bus that ran from Waiohinu to Hilo,[ after being championed by Hawaii County Councilman (and eventual County Mayor) Dante Carpenter. The new service was named "Hele On" after a ]Pidgin Hawaiian
Pidgin Hawaiian (or Hawaii Plantation Pidgin) is a pidgin spoken in Hawaii, which draws most of its vocabulary from the Hawaiian language and could have been influenced by other pidgins of the Pacific region, such as Maritime Polynesian Pidgi ...
phrase meaning "to get out of here" or "to move along". Olan Carpenter, wife of Dante, came up with the name. The service's first logo was a blue circle with a tire track in the center and two bare, yellow feet on either side of the track, devised by Colleen Shimazu. In 1975, the Mass Transit Agency (MTA) bought out and shut down the sampan system, then began providing public transportation services for the County of Hawaii as the Hele-On Bus system.[ The County Council decided to solicit bids to operate the service as a performance-based contract, provided as a cost per bus-hour, in September 1975.][ The operation contract was initially awarded to Laupahoehoe Transportation Company.]
The first bus ran on December 15, 1975 on a roundtrip route within Hilo, serving Keaukaha (Kalanaia - Kalanianaole - Kaumana). Uniquely, there were no scheduled stops: passengers made stop requests or flagged down the bus while it was enroute, and the driver was free to choose a safe place to stop. At some of the tight intersections in the city, the bus was unable to negotiate some turns without having all other vehicles cleared, and that first trip took 2 hours and 40 minutes to complete. Fares for urban routes (within Hilo and Kona) were . In May 1976, Hele-On began testing bus service west from Hilo to Kona and back via Waimea, Hāpuna Beach, Puako, Anaehoomalu Bay, and Kailua; the service at that time included a single trip that ran east from Kona to Hilo and back. Round trip fare was . Fares for rural routes (crossing the island) were typically higher; for example, the Kona→Hilo fare was .[ By 1977, Hele-On was recognized as a bargain for both locals and tourists. However, the ]farebox recovery ratio
The farebox recovery ratio (also called fare recovery ratio, fare recovery rate or other terms) of a passenger transportation system is the fraction of operating expenses which are met by the fares paid by passengers. It is computed by dividing t ...
for only two routes was greater than 50%, with the systemwide ratio at 32.9%.
Fare hikes
The first proposed fare hike in 1981 would have increased urban fares by 30 cents and rural fares by 15 to 50 cents;[ using the original fares established in 1975, the farebox recovery ratio had declined to 19% systemwide, and the County Council approved an increase that would double fares systemwide (for both urban and rural routes) in April 1982. Due to annual operating deficits of nearly $1 million,][ a proposal was advanced in 1985 to reduce service significantly, which was opposed by many. As a compromise, MTA proposed less-severe cuts in service and additional fare hikes, which was approved by the County Council. In 1986, the County Council voted to award the operating contract to PHT, Inc.
]
Fares for the Hele-On Bus were waived in 2009 in response to the 2008 economic downturn
The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At t ...
and ridership rose to more than 1 million passenger trips in one year. In October 2010, Senator Daniel Inouye
Daniel Ken Inouye ( ; September 7, 1924 – December 17, 2012) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from Hawaii from 1963 until his death in 2012. Beginning in 1959, he was the first U.S. representative f ...
presented a check for $7.2 million to County Mayor Billy Kenoi and MTA Director Tom Brown, representing the award of two grants from the Federal Transit Administration
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) is an agency within the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) that provides financial and technical assistance to local public transportation systems. The FTA is one of ten modal administration ...
. The grants would be used for purchasing new buses ($3.2 million) and building a new baseyard ($4 million) for MTA administration, bus operations, and maintenance. At the time, it was the largest transit grant ever awarded in the state.[
]
Crisis
However, from 2014 to 2018, MTA failed to file any new federal grant applications, which would have provided funds to purchase buses at no cost to the county.[ By 2017, nearly half of the county-owned Hele-On Bus fleet (25 of 55 buses) was laid up requiring major repairs, leading to canceled service and a request to have buses donated from Honolulu. Seven ]Gillig Phantom
The Gillig Phantom is a series of buses that was produced by an American manufacturer Gillig Corporation in Hayward, California. The successor to the long-running Gillig Transit Coach model line, the Phantom marked the transition of Gillig from ...
buses, originally built in 1997, arrived from Honolulu in July 2017. When county-owned buses were unavailable, MTA were forced to substitute privately-owned rental buses, school buses, or vans. In 2018, MTA began public meetings to discuss and finalize the ''Transit Master Plan'' then under preparation. The plan's lead author, Cheryl Soon, minced no words regarding the system's status: "Your transit system is in dire straits. … It is not in a good place. Your buses are broken down. … You're hanging by a thread," adding that short-term substitute bus rentals were "wasting money every day" and could only be solved by purchasing buses.
In late 2019, only 10 or 12 county-owned buses were still operable,[ leading to a "meltdown" of cancellations, delays, and riders turned away from over-capacity buses in January 2020.] The unavailability of county-owned buses could not be completely solved with short-term rentals from private bus operators, as the rented buses often did not provide ADA
Ada may refer to:
Places
Africa
* Ada Foah, a town in Ghana
* Ada (Ghana parliament constituency)
* Ada, Osun, a town in Nigeria
Asia
* Ada, Urmia, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Ada, Karaman, a village in Karaman Province, ...
-compliant access.
Roberts Hawaii
Roberts Hawaii Tours and Transportation is a tour bus operator in the state of Hawaii founded in 1941 by Robert Iwamoto Sr. as a one-man taxi company in Hanapepe, Kauai. It has operations on 4 of Hawaii's major Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Maui, a ...
took over the operating contract from Polynesian Adventure Tours in 2020. Roberts had been awarded the contract on October 10, 2019, following the expiration of the previous contract on June 30, 2018, but a bid protest and irregularities in one of the RFP documents meant that a new round of bids was required. Under the prior contract with Polynesian Adventures, the contractor provided bus drivers for county-owned buses, and was paid to fill-in service using short-term bus rentals and drivers if the county was unable to supply enough buses. Because of its inadequate fleet availability, in Fiscal Year 2018, the County of Hawaii paid $6.58 million to rent fill-in buses and drivers, compared to spending just $2.86 million on drivers for county-owned buses.[
The ]U.S. Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United State ...
investigated MTA for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA () is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ...
(ADA) and negotiated a settlement agreement released on August 24, 2021, in lieu of pursuing litigation against MTA. Under the settlement terms, MTA will repair "chronically inoperable" wheelchair lifts on its vehicles, and implement new training for personnel regarding their ADA obligations when serving disabled customers.
Hub-and-spoke
Hele-On Bus is planning to modify its routes, shifting to a hub-and-spoke system that will have three "full" transport hub
A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports and ferry slips. F ...
s in major cities (Hilo/Mooheau Bus Terminal, Kailua–Kona, Pāhoa) and multiple "satellite" hubs in smaller locations (Hilo/ Prince Kūhiō Plaza, Honokaa, Keaau, Ocean View, and Waimea) by 2025; large long-haul buses will take passengers between hubs, and smaller buses will be used for multiple circulator routes within each community, connecting various destinations at their respective hubs.[ In March 2021, MTA announced that development was proceeding for four locations (Hilo, Kona, Pāhoa, and Waimea) and comments were being solicited on a list of 11 potential Kona hub sites.
]
Operations
Routes
Hele-On Bus serves multiple fixed routes, including Hilo
Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...
-Kailua Kona
Kailua-Kona is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. It is also known as Kailua (a name it shares with a community located on the windward side of Oahu), as Kona (a name it shares ...
(Hilo - Honokaa - Waimea, Kailua Kona, on Hawaii Route 190), Intra-Hilo routes, Intra-Kona routes (Kona - Captain Cook
James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...
- Kailua Kona - Kona International Airport
Ellison Onizuka Kona International Airport at Keāhole is the busiest airport on the Island of Hawaii. It is located in Kalaoa CDP, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, near the town of Kailua-Kona. The airport serves leeward (western) Hawai ...
) and others. The routes can be broadly divided into one of three categories: Connector (providing service between communities), Circulator (providing service within a community), and Commuter (providing service from residential districts to employment centers with limited stops and scheduled departures).[
Most of the Connector and Commuter routes follow the ]Hawaii Belt Road
The Hawaii Belt Road is a modern name for the Māmalahoa Highway and consists of Hawaii state Routes 11, 19, and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawaii. The southern section, between Hilo and Kailua-Kona is numbered as Route 11. The section betw ...
, comprising Hawaii Routes 11, 19, and 190 and running along the perimeter of the island. The routes serving the North Kohala
image:HawaiiIslandDistrict-NorthKohala.svg, The districts of the Hawaii (island), Big Island. From Northernmost, clockwise; North Kohala (highlighted), Hāmākua, North Hilo, Hawaii, Hilo, South Hilo, Hawaii, Hilo, Puna, Hawaii, Puna, Kau, Hawaii, ...
region run along Akoni Pule Highway
Tariqh Akoni is a performing and session guitarist and songwriter based in Los Angeles, California. He is the former Chair of the Guitar Department at the L.A. Music Academy (succeeding Frank Gambale) as well as Musical Director for multi-platinu ...
(Hawaii Route 270), connecting with the Belt Road at Kawaihae
Kawaihae is an unincorporated community on the west side of the island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii, north of Kailua-Kona. Its harbor is one of only two on the island, together with that of Hilo.
Description
The town's harbor includ ...
.
The ''Transit Master Plan'' called for three new express routes: the Blue Line (which would run between Hilo and Kailua-Kona along Saddle Road (Hawaii Route 200
Route 200, known locally as Saddle Road, traverses the width of the Island of Hawaii, from downtown Hilo to its junction with Hawaii Route 190 near Waimea. The road was once considered one of the most dangerous paved roads in the state, with ...
) and Routes 19/190),[ the Green Line (between Honokaa and Kailua-Kona along Routes 19/190),][ and the Red Line (Hilo and Volcano along Route 11, complementing the existing line #10 Hilo – Volcano – Kaū).][ The express routes would offer limited stop service to cut the trip time.
;Notes
]
Paratransit
Hele-On Bus started the Kakoo paratransit service on July 1, 2016, as part of a settlement for a lawsuit filed by a rider who could not be accommodated on a Hele-On fixed route bus. Kakoo is an on-demand ride serving Kona and Hilo, limited to riders who qualify through a separate application, and requires an appointment for each trip.[ The terms of the settlement were announced in August 2015.
]
Fares
From 2005 to 2011 and again in 2022 there was no charge to ride the Hele-On Bus. The standard fare was increased to $1 in 2011. As of July 1, 2013 fares were increased to two dollars per person (five years old or older). One dollar per suitcase
A suitcase is a form of luggage. It is a rectangular container with a handle typically used to carry one's clothes and other belongings while traveling. The first suitcases appeared in the late 19th century due to the increased popularity of ma ...
.[ Beginning February 28, 2022, the bus is fare free, and there is no baggage or bicycle fees.
;Notes
The Hele-On Kakoo paratransit is also fare free
]
Fleet
Buses are primarily white with colored horizontal stripes in green, blue, or gold. Hele-On began receiving its first order of 15 new buses in 1975.
In 2015, Hele-On listed 55 vehicles in the fleet, but 18 of those were inoperable or beyond repair. By June 2018, the fleet was down to just 11 vehicles, the oldest four of which had been transferred to Hele-On Bus by TheBus (Honolulu)
TheBus is the public bus transportation service on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii, in the United States. In , the TheBus had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . its fleet comprised 518 buses and 207 paratransit vehicles, providing da ...
.[ As an example, Bus #701, an ]Alexander Dennis
Alexander Dennis is a British bus manufacturing company based in Larbert, Scotland. The largest bus and coach manufacturer in the United Kingdom with a 50% market share in 2019, it has manufacturing plants and partnerships in Canada, China, ...
Enviro500 was purchased in early 2010 at a cost of nearly US$900,000 and was intended to operate on the high-ridership cross-island line, but broke down after less than six months and and was not available for service again until late 2018. #701 broke down again after a few months and was taken out of service completely. In addition, Maui donated a double-deck Enviro500 bus to Hawaii in 2018; it was originally built in 2004[ and used in Kihei Islander service starting in 2013, but the Maui Enviro500 was received in non-operating condition.][ After accepting two donated buses from Maui in 2018, the County Council voted to pause further donations, citing concerns about maintenance and disposal.
One man stole buses in two separate incidents in August 2017. The first theft, which involved #342 and took place early in the morning of August 5, ended after the bus sideswiped another vehicle; the driver scheduled to operate #342 noticed it was missing, but it was not unusual for bus drivers to accidentally take a bus they were not assigned to drive. Police found the bus on August 6 while it was being driven on ]Hawaii Route 130
Route 130 is a state highway in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. It runs from Route 11 at Ke'aau through the Puna District to Kaimū.
__TOC__
Route description
Route 130 starts from the intersection of Keaau on Route 11, in the south ...
and stopped it in Pahoa, arresting the driver. The second theft came approximately three weeks after the first; the man had been placed under supervised release following the first theft. The same man apparently cut open the gate to the baseyard during the night of August 27–28, and after stealing another bus (#611), was spotted by police in Hilo at 6:24 a.m., and taken into custody at 6:45 a.m. at the Kawamoto Swim Stadium.
All four County mayors have signed a pledge to convert their transit bus fleets to renewable power by 2035. A battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laborato ...
was received by Hele-On in early 2018, but was parked and not used until summer 2019 due to insurance and license issues. In 2020, Hele-On Bus announced three hydrogen-powered buses had been donated: one was from the University of Hawaii
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...
Natural Energy Institute, a 2014 ElDorado National 29-passenger Aero Elite that had been converted from diesel to run on hydrogen fuel cells, and the other two were shuttle buses donated by Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is an American national park located in the U.S. state of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii. The park encompasses two active volcanoes: Kīlauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's mos ...
. All three were on Oahu pending funds to ship them to Hawaii, and would be used for Circulator service within Kailua-Kona.[ Hydrogen is being produced at the ]Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority
The Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (''NELHA'') administers the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park (HOST Park). ''NELHA'' was founded in 1974. At , HOST Park is a state-subsidized industrial park for incubator and marginal comm ...
.
MTA was awarded a federal grant in 2019 to purchase 10 new buses and planned to also expand coverage with new routes. Four new 25-passenger buses were delivered in 2020 (although capacity was reduced to just 7 passengers to comply with social distancing
In public health, social distancing, also called physical distancing, (NB. Regula Venske is president of the PEN Centre Germany.) is a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions or measures intended to prevent the spread of a contagious disea ...
requirements resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
), and MTA won a grant to purchase 10 more buses that year. Honolulu donated another 10 "hillclimber" Gillig
Gillig (formerly Gillig Brothers) is an American designer and manufacturer of buses. The company headquarters, along with its manufacturing operations, is located in Livermore, California (in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area) ...
Phantom buses built in 1998 to Hele-On Bus in late 2020.
Facilities
Mooheau Park in Hilo has been used as a transfer point since the days of the "sampan" private buses, and serves as the primary transfer point for the Hele-On Bus system.[ The Mooheau Bus Terminal was renovated in 2012. Other towns projected to require transit hubs in the future include Kona and Pāhoa.][ A new Kona hub could be near Old Kona Airport Park.
The contract to construct a new bus baseyard in Hilo, serving as the system maintenance facility, was awarded in 2015; the new baseyard would occupy a site at 2299 Hoolaulima Road, near a quarry. The new baseyard opened in 2018,][ replacing a site on East Lanikaula Street and Railroad Avenue shared with County Public Works.] In addition to Hilo, buses also are stored in Kailua-Kona and Kaū to accommodate early-morning service into Hilo. A second base/maintenance facility is recommended to service routes on the north and west sides of the island, potentially near the police department on Hale Mākai off Highway 19.[
]
See also
*TheBus (Honolulu)
TheBus is the public bus transportation service on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii, in the United States. In , the TheBus had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . its fleet comprised 518 buses and 207 paratransit vehicles, providing da ...
on Oahu Island
*The Kauai Bus
The Kauai Bus is the public transportation service of Kauaʻi County, Hawaiʻi. They operate nine regular local bus routes.
History
The forerunner of the Kauai Bus was a fleet of ten buses managed by the County of Kauai's Office of Elderly Affai ...
on Kauai Island
Kauai, () anglicized as Kauai ( ), is geologically the second-oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands (after Niʻihau). With an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), it is the fourth-largest of these islands and the 21st largest island ...
*Maui Bus
Maui Bus is the public transportation service of the island of Maui, Hawaii, and is operated by Roberts Hawaii under a public-private partnership with Maui County government. They operate 13 regular local bus routes and 4 commuter routes, which ha ...
on Maui Island
References
External links
Official site
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Mass Transit Agency, County of Hawaii
*
*
{{Hawaii Public Transit
Hawaii (island)
Hawaii County, Hawaii
Transportation in Hawaii County, Hawaii
Bus transportation in Hawaii
Transit agencies in Hawaii