Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg (born 3 June 1902 in Greifswald as ''Heinrich Adolf Ritter''; died 22 June 1994 in
Schaumburg Schaumburg is a district (''Landkreis'') of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (clockwise from the north) the districts of Nienburg, Hanover and Hamelin-Pyrmont, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (districts of Lippe and Minden-Lübbe ...
) was a German scholar and writer, who developed a hypothesis about the origin of the legends about Dietrich von Bern and the Nibelungs. He postulated that Dietrich von Bern was a historic king ruling in Bonn in Germany, who was later confused with Theodoric the Great. Similarly he proposed that the legendary Etzel (also ''Atilla'', ''Atli'' or ''Atala'') was a historic king residing in Soest, who was later confused with
Attila Attila (, ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European traditio ...
the Hun. His hypothesis was either ignored or rejected by most scholars in the field, but gained a relatively large amount of attention in public since 1975.


Life

Heinz Ritter grew up in Greifswald as a child, later in Posen and in Düsseldorf in Germany. He studied medicine,
German studies German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies often include classes on German culture, German hi ...
,
Hispanism Hispanism (sometimes referred to as Hispanic studies or Spanish studies) is the study of the literature and culture of the Spanish-speaking world, principally that of Spain and Hispanic America. It can also entail studying Spanish language and ...
and Biology, spoke seven languages and gained a PhD " Dr. phil." in
German studies German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies often include classes on German culture, German hi ...
. He was teacher at a school at Hanover until it was closed in 1936. Thereafter he founded a residential child care community in
Schaumburg Schaumburg is a district (''Landkreis'') of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (clockwise from the north) the districts of Nienburg, Hanover and Hamelin-Pyrmont, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (districts of Lippe and Minden-Lübbe ...
, which he led until 1967. Heinz Ritter is author of a number of books with a total edition over 100,000. His most famous book was ''Die
Nibelungen The term Nibelung ( German) or Niflungr ( Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend. It has an unclear etymology, but is often connected to the root ''nebel'', meaning mist. The ...
zogen nordwärts'', 1981. With it he proposed that the Thidrekssaga is the most basal form of the Germanic heroic legends. Based on that he also proposed that Dietrich von Bern was now an unknown king ruling over Bonn at around 500 AD.


Hypothesis about the Germanic heroic legends

Despite sharing few similarities, the legendary ''Dietrich von Bern'' and the historic Theodoric the Great were treated as the same figure since the Middle Ages. The differences between both are usually explained by motifs of oral tradition. In contrast to that, Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg postulated that the Thidrekssaga is the most ancient form of the Germanic heroic legends, and that it tells from historic events of late 5th and early 6th century in northern Germany. According to his concept, those parts of the legends, which are clearly related to Theodoric the Great and Italy, are later changes in the wrong believe that Theodoric the Great and ''Dietrich von Bern'' would be the same figure. Ritter postulates that ''Dietrich von Bern'' was originally not based on Theodoric the Great, but instead reflects the live of another nowadays unknown king who ruled at around 500 A.D. over Bonn and the neighboring area. He points out that Bonn has reportedly been called ''Bern'' during the Early and High Middle Ages. According to the Thidrekssaga, ''Dietrich'' is driven to exile by his uncle ''Ermenrik'' residing in ''Rome''. ''Dietrich'' seeks refuge in ''Susat'', the capital in the kingdom called ''Hunaland''. The king of this ''Hunaland'' is called ''Attala, Attila, Atilius'' or ''Aktilius'' in the Thidrekssaga and the Swedish ''Didrikssagan''. The figure ''Ermenrik'' is traditionally believed to originate in the Gothic king
Ermanaric Ermanaric; la, Ermanaricus or ''Hermanaricus''; ang, Eormanrīc ; on, Jǫrmunrekkr , gmh, Ermenrîch (died 376) was a Greuthungian Gothic king who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled a sizable portion of Oium, the part of Scythia ...
, who died in 376, while ''Attala'' is believed to originate in the Hunnic ruler
Attila Attila (, ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European traditio ...
, who died in 453. Since both persons were not contemporaries of Theodoric the Great in reality, it is generally accepted that the legends about ''Dietrich von Bern'' have been transformed in such a way that both lack any historical correctness. Ritter however postulates that ''Attala'' of the Thidrekssaga was a nowadays unknown king ruling about the ''Hunaland'' at its capital Soest in Germany. Ritter also believes that ''Rome'' in the Thidrekssaga is not Rome in Italy, but the post-Roman Trier which was the largest city north of the Alps in the Late antiquity of High Roman culture and known as ''Roma secunda''. This center of the Treveri was already suggested for ''Ermenrik's Rome'' b
August W. Krahmer
who also located the battle of the Frankish but not Italian ''Dietrich'' against ''Ermenrik'' at Traben on the Moselle, certified as ''Travenne'' in the High Middle Ages. Ritter further postulated that the legendary Nibelungs (called ''Niflungs'' in the Thidrekssaga) came from the area of the Neffel, a little river in western Germany. According to the Thidrekssaga, the Nibelungs crossed the Rhine on their way to ''Susat'', "''where Rhine and Duna come together''". This sentence of the legend was traditionally believed to reflect just the bad geographic knowledge of the writers, since it was assumed that the ''Duna'' of the Thidrekssaga must be the Danube. Since it is known, however, that the Danube is not a tributary of the Rhine, Ritter pointed out that there is indeed a little river called
Dhünn Dhünn is a -long river located in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Its main source is near Wipperfürth in the Bergisches Land area. It runs in a south-westerly direction, and its mouth into the river Wupper is near Leverkusen, appr. north of C ...
, documented as the ''Dune'' in the Middle Ages. This watercourse was once a tributary of the Rhine and later redirected into the Wupper which also flows into the Rhine. Thus Ritter proposes that the ''Duna'' of the legend is the Dhünn. Other place names mentioned in the Thidrekssaga have been traditionally located also in Germany even before Ritter’s geographical studies. Among these are the ''Visara'' ( Weser), the ''Osning'' ( Teutoburg Forest), the ''Lyravald'' ( Lürwald), ''Baloffa'' ( Balve) and the ''Musula'' (
Moselle The Moselle ( , ; german: Mosel ; lb, Musel ) is a river that rises in the Vosges mountains and flows through north-eastern France and Luxembourg to western Germany. It is a bank (geography), left bank tributary of the Rhine, which it jo ...
) in the more central narrative region of the Thidrekssaga. The latter is mentioned as the river where the battle of ''Gränsport'' takes place.Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg (editor), Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen (Translation): ''Die Thidrekssaga oder Didrik von Bern und die Niflungen 2 Bde''. Reichl, Otto Der Leuchter; ''(Völlig neubearb. Aufl. d. 2. Ausg. Breslau 1855, 1. Auflage Jan. 1990)''. ISBN 978-3876671017.


Selected works

Germanistik :Studies about Novalis: :* ''Die Datierung der ‹Hymnen an die Nacht›.'' In: ''Euphorion'' 52, C. Winter, Heidelberg 1958, , pp. 114–141. :* ''Die Geistlichen Lieder des Novalis. Ihre Datierung und Entstehung.'' In: ''Jahrbuch der Deutschen Schiller-Gesellschaft'' 4, Wallstein, Göttingen 1960, , pp. 308–342. :* ''Das Azzo-Fragment. Eine unbekannte Novalis-Handschrift.'' In: ''Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte'' 34, Metzler, Stuttgart 1960, , pp. 378–383. :* ''Die Entstehung des Heinrich von Ofterdingen.'' In: ''Euphorion'' 55, C. Winter, Heidelberg 1961, , pp. 163–195. :* ''Der unbekannte Novalis.'' Sachse & Pohl, Göttingen 1967. :* ''Novalis' Hymnen an die Nacht. Ihre Deutung nach Inhalt und Aufbau auf textkritischer Grundlage.'' 2nd substantially expanded edition with the facsimile of the hymn manuscript, C. Winter, Heidelberg 1974, ISBN 3-533-02348-6 und ISBN 3-533-02349-4. :* ''Novalis: Schriften. Die Werke Friedrich von Hardenbergs.'' Ed. Heinz Ritter and Gerhard Schulz, 3rd supplemented and expanded edition, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 978-3-17-001299-8. :* ''Novalis und seine erste Braut.'' Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-87838-480-7. :* ''Novalis vu par ses contemporains.'' Karl von Hardenberg. ''Trad. de l’allemand par Vincent Choisnel. Préf. de Paul-Henri Bideau. Postface de Heinz Ritter'', Ed. Novalis, Montesson 1994, ISBN 2-910112-08-X. :German studies :* ''Dietrich von Bern – König zu Bonn.'' Herbig, München 1982, ISBN 3-7766-1227-4. :* ''Die Thidrekssaga oder Didrik von Bern und die Niflungen''. ''In der Übersetzung von Friedrich von der Hagen. Völlig neu bearb. Aufl. der 2. Ausgabe Breslau 1855. Hrsg. und mit geographischen Anmerkungen versehen von Heinz Ritter'',
Reichl Reichl is a surname, a variant spelling of Reichel. People with this surname include: *Fritz Reichl (1890–1959), Austrian architect *Linda Reichl (born 1942), American physicist *Michal Reichl (born 1992), Czech footballer * Ruth Reichl (born 194 ...
, St. Goar 1990, ISBN 978-3-87667-101-7. :* ''Sigfrid – ohne Tarnkappe.'' Herbig, München 1990, ISBN 978-3-7766-1652-1. :* ''Die Didriks-Chronik oder die Svava''. ''Das Leben König Didriks von Bern und die Niflungen. Erstmals vollständig aus der altschwedischen Handschrift der Thidrekssaga übersetzt und mit geographischen Anmerkungen versehen, 2. unveränderte Auflage'', Reichl, St. Goar 1991, ISBN 3-87667-102-7. :* ''Die Nibelungen zogen nordwärts.'' 6th unchanged edition, Herbig, München 1992, ISBN 3-7766-1155-3. :* ''Die Nibelungen zogen nordwärts.'' Paperback edition with index, 8th unchanged edition, Reichl, St. Goar 2002, ISBN 3-87667-129-9. :* ''Der Schmied Weland.'' Olms, Hildesheim 1999, ISBN 3-487-11015-6. :Language :* ''Die Kraft der Sprache. Von der Bedeutung der Vokale und Konsonanten in der Sprache.'' Herbig, München 1985, ISBN 3-7766-1287-8. :* ''Ursprache lebt.'' Reichl, 2nd unchanged edition, St. Goar 1999, ISBN 3-87667-207-4. Early history of the first century: * ''Der Cherusker. Arminius im Kampf mit der römischen Weltmacht.'' Herbig Verlag, München/Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7766-1544-3; new edition with identical contents under the title: ''Hermann der Cherusker. Die Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald und ihre Folgen für die Weltgeschichte.'' VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-928127-99-8. Poetry :Erzählende Dichtung: :* ''Welche Kraft war es?'' dipa, Frankfurt a. M. 1972, ISBN 3-7638-0900-7. :* ''Der Traum vom Gralsfelsen.'' Erzählungen und Gedanken, Ogham, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-88455-853-6. :* ''Mit Lied und Laute durch Spanien.'' Jahn & Ernst, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-89407-067-6. :Epic poetry: :* ''Das Erdeneiland.'' Reichl, St. Goar 1990, ISBN 3-87667-130-2. :Poetry for children: :* ''Die schönsten Sagen.'' 2nd edition (21–28k), Bertelsmann, Gütersloh o. J. (1960). :* ''Die goldene Kugel. Singspiel'', Möseler, Wolfenbüttel/Zürich 1966. :* ''Sagen der Völker.'' 5th unchanged edition, Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-7725-0664-X. :Poems: :* ''Der goldene Wagen.'' Bösendahl, Rinteln 1953. :* ''Wachsende Ringe, Gedichte meines Lebens.'' Reichl, St. Goar 1995, ISBN 3-87667-205-8. :* ''Sehnen und Streben. Gedichte meiner Wanderzeit'', Manufactur, Horn 1984, ISBN 3-88080-061-8. :* ''Der Pfeiffer von Hameln. Mit Illustrationen von Christiane Lesch'', Ogham, Stuttgart o. J. (1986), ISBN 3-88455-153-1. :* ''Eins und Alles. Gedichte für Kindheit und Jugend.'' 12th unchanged edition, Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7725-2373-1. :* ''Liebe Erde. Gedichte und Sprüche.'' 5th expanded edition, Ogham, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-88455-006-3. :* ''Das Maulwurfs-Igelchen.'' Ogham, Stuttgart 1989-2, ISBN 3-88455-037-3. :* ''Die Kunterbunte Dichterwerkstatt.'' edition ''fischer'', Frankfurt a. M. 1993, ISBN 3-89406-809-4. Others: * ''Die Jahreszeiten in Liedern. Initialmalerei von Adolph B. G. Ritter'', Ed. Heinz Ritter, Reichl, St. Goar o. J. (1993), ISBN 978-3-87667-228-1.


References


Bibliography

* Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius (Ed.): ''Sagan om Didrik af Bern'' (Samlingar utg. af Svenska Fornskrift-sällskapet, issue 14, 15, 22, = vol. 10). Stockholm 1850. * Hinrich Jantz: ''Heinz Ritter''. Arbeitskreis für deutsche Dichtung, Niederems 1963. * Fritz Raeck: ''Pommersche Literatur. Proben und Daten.'' Pommerscher Zentralverband, Hamburg 1969, p. 351. *
SAGEN: Etzels Ende
'' In:
Der Spiegel ''Der Spiegel'' (, lit. ''"The Mirror"'') is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of 695,100 copies, it was the largest such publication in Europe in 2011. It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner ...
40/1975, pp. 222–225. * Walter Böckmann: ''Der Nibelungen Tod in Soest. Neue Erkenntnisse zur historischen Wahrheit''. Econ Verlag, Düsseldorf u.a. 1981, ISBN 3-430-11378-4. * Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender, München 1983. * Heinz Ritter:
Zu Andreas Heeges "Neue Märchen über Alte – Nibelungen"
'. In: Soester Zeitschrift Nr. 97 (1985)
ISSN 0176-3946
pp. 26–28. * Gernot Müller: ''Allerneueste Nibelungische Ketzereien. Zu Heinz Ritter-Schaumburgs "Die Nibelungen zogen nordwärts"''. In: Studia Neophilologica 57 (1985), pp. 105–116

* Heinz Ritter:
Die Bergen-Hypothese und die Thidrekssaga. Eine Stellungnahme zum Aufsatz von J. Janota und J. Kühnel
'. In: Soester Zeitschrift Nr. 98 (1986), ISSN 0176-3946, pp. 150–154. *
Roswitha Wisniewski Hrotsvitha (c. 935–973) was a secular canoness who wrote drama and Christian poetry under the Ottonian dynasty. She was born in Bad Gandersheim to Saxon nobles and entered Gandersheim Abbey as a canoness. She is considered the first female w ...
: ''Mittelalterliche Dietrichdichtung.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-476-10205-X (''Sammlung Metzler'' 205). * ''Kürschners Deutscher Literatur-Kalender.'' de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1988, ISBN 3-11-010901-8. * Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg: ''Die Didriks-Chronik'' (German translation of the Old Swedish version of the Thidrekssaga by Ritter-Schaumburg). Otto Reichl Verlag, St. Goar 1989, ISBN 3-87667-102-7. * Hans Rudolf Hartung: ''Thidreksaga vor Nibelungenlied''. In: Soester Anzeiger, 5. März 1991. * Hans den Besten: ''Bemerkungen zu einer Kritik Johannes Jonatas u. a. zu Ritter-Schaumburgs „Die Nibelungen zogen nordwärts“''. In: ''Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik'' 33, 1991, , pp. 117–130. * Renate Klink: ''Was uns die Sagen sagen''. In: Feuilleton, Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung, 3. Juni 1992. * ''Der Streit um die Frühzeit von Soest.'' Soester-Anzeiger, 25. Mai 1993. * Heinrich Beck: ''Zur Thidrekssaga-Diskussion''. In: ''Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie'' 112, 1993, , pp. 441–448. * Hans Rudolf Hartung: ''Soest in der Sage. Eine Anzeiger-Serie''. Griebsch, Hamm 1994, ISBN 3-924966-04-4. * ''Heinz Ritter – Querdenker auf den Spuren der Nibelungen.'' In: ''Schaumburger Zeitung'', 25. Juni 1994. * Reinhard Schmoeckel: ''Deutsche Sagenhelden und historische Wirklichkeit. Zwei Jahrhunderte deutscher Frühgeschichte neu gesehen''. Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim/Zürich/New York 1995, ISBN 3-487-10035-5. * Peter-Paul Koch:
De Thidrekssaga. Waarheid in oude verhalen?
' In
Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis
110 (1997)
ISSN 0040-7518
pp. 423–442. * Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg: ''Die Nibelungen zogen nordwärts''. 2. Auflage. Reichl-Verlag Der Leuchter, St. Goar 2002, ISBN 3-87667-129-9. * Hermann Reichert: ''Die Nibelungensage im mittelalterlichen Skandinavien.'' In: Joachim Heinzle, Klaus Klein, Ute Obhof (Hrsg.): ''Die Nibelungen. Sage – Epos – Mythos.'' Reichert, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-89500-347-6, pp. 29–88. * Reinhard Schmoeckel: ''Bevor es Deutschland gab. Expedition in unsere Frühgeschichte – von den Römern bis zu den Sachsenkaisern''. 4. Auflage. Bastei Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 2004, ISBN 3-404-64188-4 (''Bastei Lübbe'' 64188). * Harry Böseke: ''Sagenhafte Irrtümer''. Ah!-Erlebnis-Verlag Frank Ahlert, Mönchengladbach 2006, ISBN 3-9811054-0-0. * Martin Huber: ''Saat der Rache – Die Chronik der Niflungen''. Neopubli GmbH, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-7450-9702-3. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ritter-Schaumberg, Heinz Novalis Old Norse literature 1902 births 1994 deaths