Heinz Otto Schild (18 May 190615 June 1984), was a pharmacologist now known for the development of the Schild plot.

Life

H.O. Schild was born into a Jewish family in what was

Fiume Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primor ...

, Austria-Hungary, and is now

Rijeka Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primor ...

, Croatia. During the rise of fascism he was schooled in Munich (from 1915) then Budapest (from 1917). He studied medicine in Munich and Berlin in the 1920s, with later studies focused on Pharmacology. In 1932s he moved to England to work in Henry Dale's laboratory, working also with

John Gaddum Sir John Henry Gaddum (31 March 1900 – 30 June 1965) was an English pharmacologist who, with Ulf von Euler, co-discovered the neuropeptide Substance P in 1931. He was a founder member of the British Pharmacological Society and first editor o ...

. In 1937 he married Mireille Madeline Haquin. As an enemy alien (in his case, an Italian citizen) in the UK before the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, he was interned during 1939-1940 on the Isle of Man. However, his release from the camp was eventually secured by appeals from the scientific community; he stayed in Britain and gained British citizenship in 1948.

Work

He is particularly known for: *The role of

histamine Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Since histamine was discovered in ...

anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of use of emergency medication on site. It typically causes more than one of the follow ...

*Rigorous bioassay methods, including

Schild regression In pharmacology, Schild regression analysis, named for Heinz Otto Schild, is a tool for studying the effects of agonists and antagonists on the response caused by the receptor or on ligand-receptor binding. Dose-response curves can be cons ...

*The proposal that there are two main types of

histamine receptor The histamine receptors are a class of G protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand. There are four known histamine receptors: * H1 receptor * H2 receptor * H3 receptor * H4 receptor Comparison There ...

Honors and awards

*1966: Fellow of the Royal Society *1977: Schmiedeberg Plakette of the German Pharmacological Society *1981: Wellcome Gold Medal of the British Pharmacological Society *2013: Headquarters of the BPS named the 'Schild Plot' in his honor *2014: Inducted in the British Pharmacological Society Hall of Fame

References

British pharmacologists Fellows of the Royal Society 1906 births 1984 deaths {{pharma-stub