Heinsheim

Bad Rappenau (; South Franconian: ''Rappene'') is a city municipality in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is situated about northwest of Heilbronn.

Geography

Bad Rappenau is situated in the northeastern Kraichgau.

Neighbouring municipalities

Neighbouring towns and villages of Bad Rappenau are (clockwise from the east): Gundelsheim, Offenau and Bad Wimpfen (all of the district of Heilbronn), Heilbronn, Massenbachhausen and Kirchardt (both of the district of Heilbronn), Sinsheim, Neckarbischofsheim and Helmstadt-Bargen (all of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis), Hüffenhardt (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis), Siegelsbach (district of Heilbronn) and Haßmersheim (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis). Bad Rappenau has combined with Kirchardt and Siegelsbach to form a joint association of administrations.

Structure

The municipality consists of the town itself and the villages ''Babstadt'', ''Bonfeld'', ''Fürfeld'', ''Grombach'', ''Heinsheim'', ''Obergimpern'', ''Treschklingen'', and ''Wollenberg''.

Besides there are the hamlets ''Zimmerhof'', ''Kohlhof'', ''Maierhof'', ''Bartsmühle'', ''Kugelmühle'', and ''Sommersmühle''. The hamlets ''Oberbiegelhof'' and ''Unterbiegelhof'' belong to Babstadt; ''Eichhäuser Hof'', ''Obere Mühle'', and ''Untere Mühle'' belong to Bonfeld; ''Burg Ehrenberg'' belongs to Heinsheim; ''Eulenberg(er)hof'', ''Wagenbach'', ''Obere Mühle'', and ''Portland-Zementwerk'' belong to Obergimpern; and ''Neumühle'' belongs to Wollenberg. Gone resp. non-existent villages are ''Niuern'' and ''Speceshart'' on the communal land of Rappenau, ''Eichhausen'' on the communal land of Bonfeld, und ''Battenhausen'' on the communal land of Grombach.

History

Rappenau was first mentioned documentary in 1343. According to other sources the village was previously named as Rappenheim due to its founder Rappo who was not in connection with ministerials. Presumably the settlement began around the 8th century. In the Middle Ages there were three villages near Rappenau: the upper village, the older lower village, and the no-more existent village Speßhardt, besides several hamlets.

Rappenau belonged to the Lords of Vaihingen and Württemberg until 1339, since 1344 it still only belonged to the Lords of Württemberg. The upper and lower village grew together to a united village, bordering at the Mühlbach in the south. Eberhard von Gemmingen had built a water castle in 1601. In Thirty Years' War the village burned down several times. By the German Mediatisation the village came to Baden in 1806.

After discovering a brine 175m below earth surface in 1822, there were big efforts to use the brine as a remedy. However, Baden had no interests in creating a bath in the first time. So there was founded a community to create the ''Sophienbad'' (named after grand duchess Sophie von Baden) on May 15, 1834. Soon it turned out that the bath was unable to be financed, so it had to be closed. In 1845 the brine bath was opened, further increasing its capacity. In 1862 and 1882 a steam bath and brine inhalations were added.

In 1887 the children's spa rooms were opened. In 1912 Prof. Dr. Oskar Vulpius opened a sanatorium containing 120 beds to treat bone, joint, and gland sufferings. Meanwhile, a new brine bath was built and opened in 1903. In 1921 there were around 84,500 overnight stays. The recognition of being a spa town goes back to a decree of 1930 by the ministry of Baden. Since then the municipality took the name ''Bad Rappenau''. After World War II cure bustle increased heavily. In 1952 it has been the seventh biggest spa town in Baden. In the 1970s there were four special clinics hosting around 600,000 overnight stays.

Due to the administration reform of 1936 Bad Rappenau turned into the district of Sinsheim. On April 1, 1950, the village Zimmerhof has been incorporated into the municipality. From 1971 to 1973 eight further municipalities had been incorporated into Bad Rappenau. Due to the district reform of January 1, 1973, Bad Rappenau turned into the district of Heilbronn. This district belongs to the administrative district of Stuttgart, so a municipality previously belonging to Baden is now administrated by Württemberg. Also in 1973 the municipality got town rights. On January 1, 2003, Bad Rappenau became a ''Große Kreisstadt''.

Religions

The area of Bad Rappenau previously belonged to the Bishopric of Worms. In 1530 the Reformation has been introduced.

After the transition to Baden in 1806, the municipality got a member of the Protestant Church of Baden. In 1887, the foundation stone of the new town church of Bad Rappenau was laid. Previously the parish belonged to the church district of Sinsheim, changing to the one of Bad Rappenau-Sinsheim in 1975. On January 1, 2005, there was a fusion with the church district of Sinsheim to the church district Kraichgau. In other villages of Bad Rappenau there are also different parishes belonging to the Protestant Parish of Baden. Only the parishes of Bonfeld and Fürfeld belong to the Protestant Parish of Württemberg, since these villages belonged to Württemberg in former times.

In the 19th century there were also Catholics moving to Bad Rappenau. Formerly they got cared by the neighbouring parish of Siegelsbach. In 1896 own services within the water castle took place. In 1929 the ''Herz-Jesu-Kirche'' was built, getting expanded in 1954. Since its foundation it belonged to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg (deanery Kraichgau).

Jews are proved since the 16th century, although the municipality was not settled by them generally and the parish was quite poor and small. In 1802 there were five families living there, in 1825 there were six ones. In 1816 a new building failed financially. Later in 1843 a small one was able to be built. In 1881 a Jewish graveyard has been created along the road to Siegelsbach. The parish grew to 80 persons by 1875, but afterwards decreased heavily due to migration and emigration. In 1900 there were 46 Jews, in 1933 just ten. The parish broke up in 1937. During the pogrom in 1938 a shop window of a Jewish shop got destroyed. Four of the last five Jews living in Bad Rappenau were killed.

Incorporations

Following communal lands and villages had been introduced into Bad Rappenau. As far as not given otherwise they belonged to the district of Sinsheim until 1972. All of them came to the district of Heilbronn according to the district reform on January 1, 1973.

* April 1, 1950: Zimmerhof
* April 1, 1952: Zimmerhöferfeld
* January 1, 1971: Babstadt, Treschklingen
* January 1, 1972: Obergimpern, Wollenberg
* March 1, 1972: Heinsheim (district of Mosbach)
* January 1, 1973: Fürfeld (district of Heilbronn), Grombach
* November 1, 1973: Bonfeld (district of Heilbronn)

Development of population

¹ results of censuses

Politics

District council

Following the municipal election of 25 May 2014, the district council of Bad Rappenau has 34 seats. The election result is as follows:

* In 2009, together with the FDP

Mayor

In the past the local lord appointed a bailiff (''vogt'') to administer the village of Rappenau. Later the Grand Duchy of Baden established a mayor to head the municipal administration assisted by a council. Being a ''Große Kreisstadt'' since 1 January 2003, the mayor has the title ''Oberbürgermeister''. His deputy is called the ''Bürgermeister''.

''Bürgermeister'' and ''Oberbürgermeister''

Arms and flag

Blazon: In gold on a blue sign a jumping black horse. The town colours are black and yellow.

The seal of Rappenau (1820) shows in blue two golden beams. The arms and flag were given by the ministry of the interior on September 26, 1957.

Twin towns – sister cities

Bad Rappenau is twinned with:
* Contrexéville, France (1982)
* Llandrindod Wells, Wales, United Kingdom (2001)

Culture and sights

Museums

Since 1989 Bad Rappenau has a museum showing the history of brine and bathing in the town.

Notable buildings

File:BadRappenauWasserschloss.jpg, the castle
File:Rappenau-marktbrunnen.jpg, fountain
File:Rappenau-kulturhaus-web1.jpg, culture centre
File:Rappenau-rathaus-skulpturen.jpg, sculptures

Next to the parish church there is the old town hall built in 1841 being the first one. Nearby the old town hall there is a fountain of 1928 having the inscription: ''Ruhe ist des Bürgers erste Pflicht - Im Wein liegt Wahrheit, im Wasser liegt Klarheit.'' - ''"The first citizen's duty is silence - In wine there is truth, in water there is clearness."'' In the town there is some old half-timbering, e. g. the ''Dominikanerhof''. The station is a building of classicism in times of rail construction.

File:Rappenau-dominikanerhof-web.jpg, ''Dominikanerhof''
File:Bad Rappenau Bahnhof 20070327.jpg, station
File:Rappenau-hauffschule-web.jpg, school house of 1906
File:Rappenau-rathausbrunnen.jpg, old fountain of 1928

On the urban cemetery lies Georg Christian Heinrich Rosentritt who discovered salt occurrences in 1822. There is also a war memorial.

File:Bad-rappenau-kriegerdenkmal1934-b.JPG, war memorial of 1934
File:Rappenau-vulpiusklinik.jpg, ''Vulpiusklinik'', hospital
File:Rappenau-schulzentr-anbau.jpg, school centre
File:Rappenau-altesrathaus.jpg, old town hall

Parks

Bad Rappenau has several parks at its disposal: the ''Schlosspark'' in the west around of the water castle and the ''Salinengarten'' including ''Hohenstadter Grund'' and ''Kurpark'' in the east.

From April 25 to October 5, 2008, the Landesgartenschau of Baden-Württemberg took place in Bad Rappenau. One of the main attractions was the graduation tower. The three parks have been connected and upgraded by this event."Die 22. Landesgartenschau in Baden-Württemberg ist zu Ende aber Vieles bleibt"
article at Bad Rappenau's web site

File:Rappenau-saline2.jpg, trafo station
File:Rappenau-monopteros.jpg, Monopteros
File:Rappenau-saline6.jpg, derrick
File:Rappenau-saline3.jpg, honour monument
File:Rappenau-salinenkuh-tretrad.jpg, ''Tretrad''
File:Rappenau-kurpark2008.jpg, graduation tower
File:Rappenau-kurhaus.jpg, ''Neues Kurhaus''
File:Rappenau-treppenturm.jpg, tower in the spa park
File:Rappenau-kurpark.jpg, lake nearby
File:Rappenau-kurmittelhaus.jpg, ''Kurmittelhaus''
File:Rappenau-saline4.jpg, salt-works building

Regular events

Since 1977 and 1978 there is the ''Straßenfest'' respectively ''Stadtfest''; also a spring festival takes place. Since the 1980s and 1990s there are different festivals in other parts of the town, e. g. the ''Herbstfest'' and the ''Schlosshoffest'' in Grombach, the ''Fischerfest'' in Heinsheim, the ''Schlossfest'' in Obergimpern, the ''Kelterfest'' in Wollenberg and the ''Martinimarkt'' in Zimmerhof. Also there is the lightning festival taking more than 10,000 visitors to Bad Rappenau and having big success. An open-air festival also takes place.

Economy and infrastructure

Traffic

Bad Rappenau has a direct motorway point along the A 6 (Mannheim–Heilbronn). There is also the Bundesstraße B 39.

Bad Rappenau station is situated at the Elsenz Valley Railway running from Bad Friedrichshall to Heidelberg. Public transport is managed by Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr.

Local businesses

Some of the biggest businesses are:

*''Kulimare Italian Restaurant''.
*''Mondi Bad Rappenau GmbH'', producer of packaging
*''ZIMA Apparate GmbH'', producer of filter instruments
*''Stahl Plast Kunststoffe GmbH & Co.''
*''Losberger Intertent GmbH'', building constructor
*''EOS KSI Inkasso Deutschland GmbH'', demand and credit management
*''Kraichgau-Klinik Bad Rappenau GmbH & Co.KG'', rehabilitation centre of oncology
*''Vulpius Klinik GmbH'', orthopaedic hospital
*''Kurklinik Bad Rappenau GmbH'', management and business of hospitals
*''Häffner Bräu'', brewery and restaurant
*"Vesalius Klinik GmbH" psychosomatic hospital.

Media

The ''Kraichgau Stimme'', part of the ''Heilbronner Stimme'' and the paper ''Bad Rappenauer Bote / Eppinger Nachrichten'', part of the ''Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung'') inform about happenings in Bad Rappenau.

Public institutions

In Bad Rappenau there is a notary's office.

Education

Bad Rappenau has a Realschule (''Wilhelm-Hauff-Realschule''), a Förderschule (''Albert-Schweitzer-Schule''), a Hauptschule with Werkrealschule and a Grundschule each in Bonfeld, Fürfeld, Grombach, Heinsheim, Obergimpern, Zimmerhof and a further one (''Theodor-Heuss-Schule'') responsible for Babstadt and Treschklingen. The urban library has more than 20,000 media at its disposal.

Notable people

* Carl Egler (1896–1982), in Karlsruhe, German sculptor
* Eberhard von Gemmingen (born 1936), head of the editorial office of Vatican Radio
* Klaus Zapf (1952–2014), entrepreneur, founder of ''Zapf Removals''

References

External links

*
Das Bad im Blütenmeer
Website of the ''Landesgartenschau 2008'' in Bad Rappenau

{{Authority control

Heilbronn (district)
Spa towns in Germany
Holocaust locations in Germany
Populated places on the Neckar basin
Populated riverside places in Germany