Heinrich Luden (10 April 1778 – 23 May 1847) was a German historian. Luden was born in

Loxstedt Loxstedt (in High German, in Low Saxon: Lox) is a municipality in the district of Cuxhaven in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated south of Bremerhaven. History Lacstidi (literally in ''lake stead''), first mentioned in 1059, belonged to the ...

in the district of Stade. At the age of 17 Luden went to the ''Domschule'' (Cathedral School) in Bremen. He subsequently studied theology at the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...

, where he came under the influence of the historians

August Ludwig von Schlözer August Ludwig von Schlözer (5 July 1735, in Gaggstatt – 9 September 1809, in Göttingen) was a German historian and pedagogist who laid foundations for the critical study of Russian medieval history. He was a member of the Göttingen Scho ...

and later

Johannes von Müller Johannes von Müller (3 January 1752 – 29 May 1809) was a Swiss historian. Biography He was born at Schaffhausen, where his father was a clergyman and rector of the gymnasium. In his youth, his maternal grandfather, Johannes Schoop (1696–1 ...

and devoted himself to the study of history. He was briefly employed as a private tutor in the house of

Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (12 August 1762, Bad Langensalza, Langensalza – 25 August 1836, Berlin) was a Germany, German physician, naturopath and writer. He is famous as the most eminent practical physician of his time in Germany a ...

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

, in 1805 producing his thesis in

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

Christian Thomasius Christian Thomasius (1 January 1655 – 23 September 1728) was a German jurist and philosopher. Biography He was born in Leipzig and was educated by his father, Jakob Thomasius (1622–1684), at that time a junior lecturer in Leipzig Universi ...

. He further published biographies of Hugo Grotius (1806) and Sir William Temple (1808). In 1806 Luden succeeded Friedrich Schiller as Extraordinary Professor of History at the

University of Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (german: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The un ...

, in 1810 attaining the post of Ordinary Professor. He dedicated himself to German history, with the intention of developing a German national consciousness. He continued this theme in subsequent numerous publication on the theme of unity and freedom. In his lectures, much attended by the Burschenschaften (student associations) he championed the ideal of the sovereignty of the people, showing the influence of

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...

. In 1817, with certain other professors, including the medic

Dietrich Georg von Kieser Dietrich Georg von Kieser (24 August 1779 – 11 October 1862) was a German physician born in Harburg. He studied medicine at the Universities of Würzburg and Göttingen, receiving his doctorate from the latter institution in 1804. For most of h ...

and the philosophers

Lorenz Oken Lorenz Oken (1 August 1779 – 11 August 1851) was a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist. Oken was born Lorenz Okenfuss (german: Okenfuß) in Bohlsbach (now part of Offenburg), Ortenau, Baden, and studied natural history ...

and

Jakob Friedrich Fries Jakob Friedrich Fries (; 23 August 1773 – 10 August 1843) was a German post-KantianTerry Pinkard, ''German Philosophy 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism'', Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 199–212. philosopher and mathematician. Biogra ...

he participated in the Wartburg festival. In 1820 Luden entered the

Landstände The ''Landstände'' (singular ''Landstand'') or ''Landtage'' (singular ''Landtag'') were the various territorial estates or diets in the Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, as opposed to their respective territoria ...

of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach as a deputy and remained one of its most active members until 1832. Following the Karlsbad Decrees Luden was forbidden from lecturing on political subjects. Among his students were the assassin

Karl Ludwig Sand Karl Ludwig Sand (Wunsiedel, Upper Franconia (then in Prussia), 5 October 1795 – Mannheim, 20 May 1820) was a German university student and member of a liberal Burschenschaft (student association). He was executed in 1820 for the murder of the c ...

and the

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was name ...

historian

Johannes Voigt Johannes Voigt (27 August 1786 – 23 September 1863) was a German historian born in Bettenhausen, which today is situated in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen. He studied history, theology and philology at the University of Jena, where tw ...

Works

* ''Geschichte des Teutschen Volkes'' (12 vols., 1825–45) * ''Geschichte der Teutschen'' (3 vols.)

Bibliography

* Johannes Haage, ''Heinrich Luden'', 1930 * Ralph Mark, ''Die Entwicklung nationaler Geschichtsschreibung'', Frankfurt am Main 1987 * Sabine Mattasch, ''Der Tatbestand des Verbrechens bei Heinrich Luden'', 2003 * Gerhard Müller, ''Heinrich Luden als Parlamentarier'', Weimar 1998 * Elisabeth Reissig, ''Heinrich Luden als Publizist und Politiker'', Jena, 1916 {{DEFAULTSORT:Luden, Heinrich 1778 births 1847 deaths People from Cuxhaven (district) 19th-century German historians Academic staff of the University of Jena University of Göttingen alumni German male non-fiction writers