Henry, in German Heinrich (c. 1080 – 1/3 September 1153), was the

archbishop of Mainz The Elector of Mainz was one of the seven Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. As both the Archbishop of Mainz and the ruling prince of the Electorate of Mainz, the Elector of Mainz held a powerful position during the Middle Ages. The Archb ...

from September 1142 until his deposition in June 1153.

Early life

The future archbishop may be the same person as the Henry who is recorded as

archdeacon An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that o ...

of the collegiate church of Marienkamp in Mainz in 1104. The prologue of one late 12th-century copy of the ''Imago mundi'' of

Honorius of Autun Honorius Augustodunensis (c. 1080 – c. 1140), commonly known as Honorius of Autun, was a very popular 12th-century Christian theologian who wrote prolifically on many subjects. He wrote in a non-scholastic manner, with a lively style, and his wor ...

says that the text was edited by this Henry in 1110. As a result, Henry has often been associated with the accompanying ''

mappa mundi A ''mappa mundi'' (Latin ; plural = ''mappae mundi''; french: mappemonde; enm, mappemond) is any medieval European map of the world. Such maps range in size and complexity from simple schematic maps or less across to elaborate wall maps, the ...

'', the

Sawley map The Sawley map, formerly known as the Henry of Mainz map, is the earliest surviving ''mappa mundi'' (world map) made in England. It was made between about 1180 and the early 13th century. The map is the frontispiece of a copy of the ''Imago mundi ...

, but there is no basis for connecting the editor of the text with later addition of a map. A canon named Henry is also recorded attached to

Mainz Cathedral , native_name_lang = , image = Mainzer Dom nw.jpg , imagesize = , imagelink = , imagealt = , caption = , pushpin map = , pushpin label position = , pushpin map alt = , pushpin mapsize = , relief = , map caption = , iso regi ...

in 1111..

Archbishop

Henry succeeded Markholf as archbishop of Mainz in September 1142. In his early years as archbishop he was assisted by

Anselm of Havelberg Anselm of Havelberg (c. 1100 – 1158) was a German bishop and statesman, and a secular and religious ambassador to Constantinople. He was a Premonstratensian, a defender of his order and a critic of the monastic life of his time, and a theori ...

. He was a supporter and correspondent of Hildegard of Bingen. In 1147, at the

synod of Trier A synod () is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word ''synod'' comes from the meaning "assembly" or "meeting" and is analogous with the Latin word meani ...

, he presented a copy of Hildegard's biblical commentaries to Pope Eugene III and

Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( la, Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templars, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through ...

. He consecrated the church of her convent at

Rupertsberg Saint Bertha of Bingen (German: ''Heilige Berta'', died ca. 757) was the mother of Rupert of Bingen. Her biography was written, and subsequently her cult popularized, by Hildegard of Bingen, who lived in the same region, about four hundred years ...

in 1152. He has been portrayed showing her works to Pope Eugene III and Bernard of Clairvaux. In 1147, at the time of the

Second Crusade The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusa ...

, he tried to prevent a repetition of the 1096 violence against the Jews of Mainz. He called in Bernard of Clairvaux, to counter inflammatory preaching by the monk Radulf the Cistercian. He took part in the Wendish Crusade of 1147. Henry was the archchancellor of the

kingdom of Germany The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom ( la, regnum Teutonicorum "kingdom of the Germans", "German kingdom", "kingdom of Germany") was the mostly Germanic-speaking East Frankish kingdom, which was formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, especi ...

from 1142 until 1152, but in 1153 he was archchancellor of the kingdom of Burgundy on account of the disturbances that broke out there following the death of King

Conrad III Conrad III (german: Konrad; it, Corrado; 1093 or 1094 – 15 February 1152) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was from 1116 to 1120 Duke of Franconia, from 1127 to 1135 anti-king of his predecessor Lothair III and from 1138 until his death in 1152 k ...

on 15 February 1152. He joined the group around Conrad's nephew,

Frederick Barbarossa Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (german: link=no, Friedrich I, it, Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on ...

, before the latter's election as king on 4 March. Nevertheless, the ''

Chronica regia Coloniensis The ''Chronica regia Coloniensis'' ("Royal Chronicle of Cologne", German: ''Kölner Königschronik''), also called the ''Annales Colonienses maximi'', is an anonymous medieval Latin chronicle that covers the years 576 to 1202. The original chronic ...

'' claims that he opposed Barbarossa's election, preferring the accession of Conrad's young son, Frederick. In a synod at

Worms Worms may refer to: *Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs Places *Worms, Germany, a city **Worms (electoral district) *Worms, Nebraska, U.S. *Worms im Veltlintal, the German name for Bormio, Italy Arts and entertainme ...

on 7 June 1153, Henry was deposed as archbishop.

Otto of Freising Otto of Freising ( la, Otto Frisingensis; c. 1114 – 22 September 1158) was a German churchman of the Cistercian order and chronicled at least two texts which carries valuable information on the political history of his own time. He was Otto I ...

reports that it was because he was "often reproved ... but never improved", but the ''Chronica regia'' claims that it was because he refused to recognize Barbarossa's election.Freed, ''Frederick Barbarossa'', p. 121. Henry died in

Einbeck Einbeck (; Eastphalian: ''Aimbeck'') is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, on the German Timber-Frame Road. History Prehistory The area of the current city of Einbeck is inhabited since prehistoric times. Vario ...

on 1 or 3 September 1153.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 1 Archbishops of Mainz 1080s births 1153 deaths