Heinrich Hansen (13 October 1861 – 17 April 1940) was a German

Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...

theologian and the father of the Lutheran High Church movement in Germany. Hansen was born in Klockries near Lindholm (in present-day

Nordfriesland Nordfriesland (; da, Nordfrisland; frr, Nordfraschlönj ), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception o ...

) as a son of a teacher. In

Kiel Kiel () is the capital and most populous city in the northern Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021). Kiel lies approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the southeast of the J ...

and

Erlangen Erlangen (; East Franconian German, East Franconian: ''Erlang'', Bavarian language, Bavarian: ''Erlanga'') is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the administrative district Erlangen-Höchstadt (former administrative d ...

he studied theology,

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

Syriac Syriac may refer to: *Syriac language, an ancient dialect of Middle Aramaic *Sureth, one of the modern dialects of Syriac spoken in the Nineveh Plains region * Syriac alphabet ** Syriac (Unicode block) ** Syriac Supplement * Neo-Aramaic languages a ...

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

and in particular the

Old Testament The Old Testament (often abbreviated OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites. The ...

under August Klostermann. He worked since 1887 as a pastor in

Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Sch ...

: in Reinfeld, Lindholm, on the island

Pellworm ( da, Pelvorm; North Frisian ''Polweerm'') is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The municipality is located on the island of Pellworm – one of the North Frisian Islands on the North Sea coast of ...

, in Kropp and in Olderup near

Husum Husum (, frr, Hüsem) is the capital of the ''Kreis'' (district) Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The town was the birthplace of the novelist Theodor Storm, who coined the epithet "the grey town by the sea". It is also the home of ...

. Hansen wrote Latin hymns and worked on a

Low German : : : : : (70,000) (30,000) (8,000) , familycolor = Indo-European , fam2 = Germanic , fam3 = West Germanic , fam4 = North Sea Germanic , ancestor = Old Saxon , ancestor2 = Middle L ...

Bible translation and published a Low German hymnal. By the study of the old Lutheran theologians, particularly

Martin Chemnitz Martin Chemnitz (9 November 1522 – 8 April 1586) was an eminent second-generation German, Evangelical Lutheran, Christian theologian, and a Protestant reformer, churchman, and confessor. In the Evangelical Lutheran tradition he is known as ...

, and the

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

theologian

Johann Adam Möhler Johann Adam Möhler (6 May 1796 – 12 April 1838) was a German Roman Catholic theologian. He was born at Igersheim in the Bailiwick of Franconia of the Teutonic Order (from 1809 on part of Württemberg), and after studying philosophy and theolog ...

, he came to an Evangelical Catholic view about church. In the

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

jubilee year of 1917—exactly 100 years after

Claus Harms Claus Harms (25 May 1778 in Fahrstedt – 1 February 1855 in Kiel) was a German clergyman and theologian. Life Harms was born at Fahrstedt in Schleswig, and in his youth worked in his father's mill. At the University of Kiel he repudiated ...

— Hansen published 95 theses (

Stimuli et Clavi Stimuli et clavi i. e. theses adversus huius temporis errores et abusus (German: ''Spieße und Nägel d.i. Streitsätze wider die Irrnisse und Wirrnisse unserer Zeit''; English: ''Goads and Nails, that is, Theses Against Errors and Abuses of This Ti ...

) in Latin and German, as a sharp criticism against contemporary

Protestantism Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

. His theses influenced the foundation of "

Hochkirchliche Vereinigung The Hochkirchliche Vereinigung Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses (''High Church Union of the Augsburg Confession'') is a Lutheran High Church organisation in Germany. It was founded in Berlin in October 1918, inspired by the High Church theses ''Stimuli ...

" in October 1918. Hansen is well known as a co-founder and the first chairman of

. He died in

Breklum Breklum is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after ...

Works

*Die Oden Salomos in dt. Nachdichtungen, 1911; *Lauda Sion Salvatorem. Cantica Latina, 1913; *Psalmbook. Dat heet Christelige Leeder för sassische Lüd, 1916 (verm. 19192); *

Stimuli et clavi Stimuli et clavi i. e. theses adversus huius temporis errores et abusus (German: ''Spieße und Nägel d.i. Streitsätze wider die Irrnisse und Wirrnisse unserer Zeit''; English: ''Goads and Nails, that is, Theses Against Errors and Abuses of This Ti ...

i. e. theses adversus huius temporis errores et abusus. Spieße u. Nägel ... (1917), in: Hochkirche 1, 1919; 8, 1926; 11, 1929; and in: Eine Hl. Kirche, 1957/58; *Die Lehre v. der sichtbaren Kirche in luth. Bedeutung, in: Una Sancta 2, 1926, 386 ff.; *- Verfall u. Wiederaufbau der Kirche, in: Eine Hl. Kirche 10, 1928, 240 ff. 259 ff.; *Universale Kirche. Ein Wort z. Nachdenken an alle Christen, in: Hochkirche 16, 1934, 67 ff.; *Johanneisches Zeitalter, ebd. 21, 1939, 272 ff.; *Die Ref. in ihrer Bedeutung f. die gesamte Kirche, ebd. 22, 1940/41, 293 ff.

References

Hansen, Heinrich
(

Christian Cyclopedia ''Christian Cyclopedia'' (originally ''Lutheran Cyclopedia'') is a one-volume compendium of theological data, ranging from ancient figures to contemporary events. It is published by Concordia Publishing House as an update to the Concordia Cycloped ...

) *
Die Hochkirchliche Vereinigung (HV) - Entstehung und Geschichte
1861 births 1940 deaths People from Nordfriesland German Lutheran theologians People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein University of Kiel alumni University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni 20th-century German Protestant theologians German male non-fiction writers {{Germany-theologian-stub