Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n
cinematographer
The cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the person responsible for the photographing or recording of a film, television production, music video or other live action piece. The cinematographer is the ch ...
who worked on over 180 films during his career. He is often credited as Enrique Guerner in his later films. Gärtner was born in Radautz which was then part of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, but later became
Rădăuți
Rădăuți (; german: Radautz; hu, Radóc; pl, Radowce; uk, Радівці, ''Radivtsi''; yi, ראַדעװיץ ''Radevits''; tr, Radoviçe) is a town in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovi ...
in
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
. He entered the German film industry in 1915, and worked prolifically during the
silent era
A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, wh ...
.
As Gärtner was of
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
descent, he was forced to flee Germany once the
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
s gained power in 1933. He settled in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, where he continued to work following
Franco
Franco may refer to:
Name
* Franco (name)
* Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975
* Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician, the "Grand Maître"
Prefix
* Franco, a prefix used when ref ...
's victory in the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
. Gärtner was an influential figure in Spanish cinema, introducing elements of
expressionism
Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
Dancer of Death
''Dancer of Death'' (german: Tänzerin Tod) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Siegfried Philippi and starring Reinhold Schünzel and Hans Adalbert Schlettow.Bock & Bergfelder p. 433
The film's sets were designed by the art director Edm ...
Off the Rails
''Off the Rails'' is a fashion magazine show presented by Pamela Flood and Caroline Morahan shown on RTÉ One. The show was previously presented by Liz Bonnin and Fiona McShane, before Bonnin decided to leave. In 2005, RTÉ changed the format to ...
'' (1921)
* ''
The Black Spider
''The Black Spider'' is a novella by the Swiss writer Jeremias Gotthelf written in 1842. Set in an idyllic frame story, old legends are worked into a Christian-humanist allegory about ideas of good and evil. Though the novel is initially divide ...
'' (1921)
* ''
Sunken Worlds
''Sunken Worlds'' (German: ''Versunkene Welten'') is a 1922 German silent film directed by Siegfried Philippi and starring Victor Varconi, Ria Jende and Hans Albers.Bock & Bergfelder p.8
Cast
* Victor Varconi
* Ria Jende
* Max Devrient
* Hans Al ...
'' (1922)
* ''
The Circle of Death
''The Circle of Death'' (German: ''Der Todesreigen'') is a 1922 German silent drama film directed by William Karfiol and starring Johannes Riemann, Olga Tschechowa and Albert Steinrück.Grange p.116
The film's sets were designed by the art d ...
'' (1922)
* ''
Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood ( maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. You ...
'' (1922)
* ''
Fräulein Raffke
''Fräulein Raffke'' is a 1923 German silent film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Werner Krauss, Lydia Potechina and Lee Parry.Bock & Bergfelder p.8 A "Raffke" was Weimar era slang for a money accumulator.
The film's sets were designed ...
'' (1923)
* ''
The Comedian's Child
''The Comedian's Child'' (German:''Das Komödiantenkind'') is a 1923 German silent film
A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion vi ...
The Most Beautiful Woman in the World
''The Most Beautiful Woman in the World'' (German: ''Die schönste Frau der Welt'') is a 1924 German silent film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lee Parry, Livio Pavanelli and Olaf Fjord.Krautz p.570 It premiered in Berlin at the Marmo ...
'' (1924)
* ''
Lord Reginald's Derby Ride
''Lord Reginald's Derby Ride'' (german: Lord Reginalds Derbyritt) is a 1924 German silent comedy film directed by Arthur Teuber and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts and Fritz Kampers.Krautz p. 107
Cast
* Ernst Hofmann
* Uschi Elleot
* Jutta Jol
* ...
'' (1924)
* ''
The Motorist Bride
''The Motorist Bride'' (german: Die Motorbraut) is a 1925 German silent romance film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Hans Mierendorff, Lee Parry and Ernst Hofmann. The film is notable for the use of Lilian Harvey as a stunt double for ...
'' (1925)
* ''
The Woman with That Certain Something
''The Woman with That Certain Something'' (German: ''Die Frau mit dem Etwas'') is a 1925 German silent film directed by Erich Schönfelder and starring Rudolf Lettinger, Lee Parry and Bruno Kastner.
The film's sets were designed by the art direc ...
'' (1925)
* ''
Women of Luxury
''Women of Luxury'' (german: Luxusweibchen) is a 1925 German silent comedy film directed by Erich Schönfelder and starring Lee Parry, Hans Albers and Rudolf Lettinger.Ganeva p. 197 It was made at the Johannisthal Studios near Berlin. The film' ...
'' (1925)
* ''
The Prince and the Dancer
''The Prince and the Dancer'' (German:''Der Prinz und die Tänzerin'') is a 1926 German silent film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Willy Fritsch, Lucy Doraine and Hans Albers.Bock & Bergfelder p.134 The film was shot at the Johannisth ...
The Prince of Pappenheim
''The Prince of Pappenheim'' (German: ''Der Fürst von Pappenheim'') is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Mona Maris, Curt Bois and Dina Gralla. Bois' character of an ambitious young man was closely mode ...
'' (1927)
* ''
Fabulous Lola
''Fabulous Lola'' (German: ') is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lilian Harvey, Harry Halm and Hans Junkermann. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacek Rotmil. It was made at the Johann ...
'' (1927)
* ''
Song
A song is a musical composition intended to be performed by the human voice. This is often done at distinct and fixed pitches (melodies) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs contain various forms, such as those including the repetitio ...
'' (1928)
* ''
Hai-Tang
''Hai-Tang'' is a 1930 British-German drama film directed by Richard Eichberg and Jean Kemm and starring Anna May Wong, Marcel Vibert and Robert Ancelin.St. Pierre p.83 It was made at Elstree Studios as the French-language version of ''The Flame ...
The Flame of Love
''The Flame of Love'' is a 1930 British drama film, that is a love story between Russian military officer and a Chinese actress. Directed by Richard Eichberg and Walter Summers it stars Anna May Wong and John Longden and has a running time of ...
'' (1930)
* ''
The Road to Dishonour
''The Road to Dishonour'' (German: ''Der Weg zur Schande'') is a 1930 British-German drama film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Anna May Wong, Francis Lederer and Georg H. Schnell.Grange p.330 It was made at Elstree Studios as part of a ...
'' (1930)
* ''
The Daredevil
''The Daredevil'' (german: Der Draufgänger) is a 1931 German crime film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Hans Albers, Gerda Maurus and Mártha Eggerth.Bock & Bergfelder p. 105
The film's sets were designed by the art directors Ha ...
'' (1931)
* ''
Let's Love and Laugh
''Let's Love and Laugh'' is a 1931 British-German comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Gene Gerrard, Muriel Angelus and Dennis Wyndham.The Woman Between'' (1931)
* ''
Once There Was a Waltz
''Once There Was a Waltz'' (german: Es war einmal ein Walzer) is a 1932 German operetta film directed by Victor Janson and starring Mártha Eggerth, Rolf von Goth and Paul Hörbiger. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin with sets d ...
'' (1932)
* ''
The Blue of Heaven
''The Blue of Heaven'' (german: Das Blaue vom Himmel) is a 1932 German musical film directed by Victor Janson and starring Mártha Eggerth, Hermann Thimig, and Fritz Kampers. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin.Klaus p.29 The film's s ...
'' (1932)
* ''
Overnight Sensation
''Overnight Sensation'' is the thirteenth studio album by British rock band Motörhead. It was released on 15 October 1996 via Steamhammer, their second on the label. It is their first studio album to not feature guitarist Würzel, and returni ...
Countess Mariza
''Gräfin Mariza'' (''Countess Maritza'') is an operetta in three acts composed by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán, with a German libretto by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald. It premiered in Vienna on 28 February 1924 at the Theater ...
'' (1932)
* ''
Typhoon
A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...
Doña Francisquita
''Doña Francisquita'' is a zarzuela in three acts composed by Amadeo Vives to a Spanish libretto by Federico Romero and Guillermo Fernández-Shaw and based on Lope de Vega's play ' (''The Ingenious Lover''). With its colourful score and com ...
Morena Clara
''Morena Clara'' is a 1954 film directed by Luis Lucia starring Lola Flores and Fernando Fernán Gómez.
Plot
The film begins by depicting the fabled tale of how the gypsies came to be. According to folklore gypsies are descendants of an Egypti ...
'' (1936)
* ''
La Dolores
''La Dolores'' is a Spanish opera (''ópera Española'') in 3 acts by Tomás Bretón. The libretto was arranged by composer himself from a same-name drama by Josep Feliu i Codina (1892). The opera was first performed at the Teatro de la Zarzuela ...
The House of Rain
''The House of Rain'' (Spanish: ''La casa de la lluvia'') is a 1943 Spanish drama film directed by Antonio Román and starring Luis Hurtado, Blanca de Silos and Carmen Viance. It is set in Galicia.Bentley p.96
Cast
* Luis Hurtado as Fernando ...
Last Stand in the Philippines
''Last Stand in the Philippines'' () is a 1945 Spanish biographical war film directed by Antonio Román. It is based on a radio script by Enrique Llovet, ''Los Héroes de Baler,'' and novel, ''El Fuerte de Baler,'' by Enrique Alfonso Barcones an ...
'' (1945)
* ''
A Toast for Manolete
''A Toast for Manolete'' (Spanish:''Brindis a Manolete'') is a 1948 Spanish drama film directed by Florián Rey and starring Paquita Rico, Pedro Ortega and Manolo Morán. The film is a biopic of the celebrated Spanish bullfighter Manolete, who ...
'' (1948)
* ''
Tales of the Alhambra
''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) is a collection of essays, verbal sketches and stories by American author Washington Irving (1783–1859) inspired by, and partly written during, his 1828 visit to the palace/fortress complex known as the Alhambr ...
'' (1950)
* ''
The Great Galeoto
''The Great Galeoto'' (Spanish: ''El gran Galeoto'') is a 1951 Spanish drama film directed by Rafael Gil and starring Ana Mariscal and Rafael Durán.de España p.119
Synopsis
Ernesto is a young musician who, when his father dies, is forced to ...
'' (1951)
* ''
Devil's Roundup
''Devil's Roundup'' (Spanish:''El cerco del diablo'') is a 1952 Spanish drama film directed by Antonio del Amo, Enrique Gómez, Edgar Neville, José Antonio Nieves Conde and Arturo Ruiz Castillo.Betz p.248
Cast
* Fernando Aguirre as Pescador ...
'' (1952)
* ''
Such is Madrid
''Such is Madrid'' (Spanish: ''Así es Madrid'') is a 1953 Spanish comedy film directed by Luis Marquina and starring Susana Canales, José Suárez (actor), José Suárez and Manolo Morán.Bentley p.128
Cast
* Susana Canales as Eulalia
* José ...
'' (1953)
* ''
High Fashion
''Haute couture'' (; ; French for 'high sewing', 'high dressmaking') is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted high-end fashion design that is constructed by hand from start-to-finish. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, Paris became th ...
'' (1954)
* ''
He Died Fifteen Years Ago
''He Died Fifteen Years Ago'' (Spanish: ''Murió hace quince años'') is a 1954 Spanish drama film directed by Rafael Gil and starring Rafael Rivelles, Francisco Rabal and Lyla Rocco.
Synopsis
Diego Acuña was one of the children transferred to ...
'' (1954)
* ''
Miracle of Marcelino
''Miracle of Marcelino'' ( es, Marcelino, pan y vino, "Marcelino, bread and wine") is a 1955 Spanish film written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, based on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda. It starred, Juan Calvo (who also starred together ...
'' (1955)
* ''
Three are Three
''Three are Three'' (Spanish: ''Tres eran tres'') is a 1955 Spanish comedy film directed by Eduardo García Maroto. In three separate segments it parodies different film genres
A film genre is a stylistic or thematic category for motion pi ...
'' (1955)
* ''
It Happened in Broad Daylight
( en, It Happened in Broad Daylight) is a 1958 Swiss-West German-Spanish thriller film directed by Ladislao Vajda. The original screenplay was written by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, a Swiss playwright and novelist, and the first incarnation of the fil ...
'' (1958)
* ''
Back to the Door
''Back to the Door'' (Spanish: ''De espaldas a la puerta'') is a 1959 Spanish crime film directed by José María Forqué and starring Emma Penella, Amelia Bence and Luis Prendes.de España, Rafael. ''Directory of Spanish and Portuguese Film-Make ...
'' (1959)
* ''
Green Harvest
Viticulture (from the Latin word for ''vine'') or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, ran ...
'' (1961)
* ''
You and Me Are Three
''You and Me Are Three'' (Spanish: ''Tú y yo somos tres'') is a 1962 Argentine-Spanish comedy film directed by ''Rafael Gil''.de España, Rafael. ''Directory of Spanish and Portuguese Film-Makers and Films''. Greenwood Press, 1994. p. 119. . It i ...
'' (1962)
References
Bibliography
* Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. ''The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema''. Berghahn Books, 2009.
* Kinder, Marsha. ''Blood Cinema: The Reconstruction of National Identity in Spain''. University of California Press, 1 Jan 1993.