Heavy melting steel (HMS) or heavy melting scrap is a designation for recyclable steel and

wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" ...

. It is broken up into two major categories: HMS 1 and HMS 2, where HMS 1 does not contain galvanized and blackened steel, whereas HMS 2 does. The

Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries The Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI) is a United States-based private, non-profit trade association representing more than 1,300 private and public for-profit companies – ranging from small, family-owned businesses to multi-nationa ...

breaks up the categories further: * ISRI 200 (HMS 1): Wrought iron or steel scrap and larger in thickness. All pieces must be smaller than * ISRI 201 (HMS 1): Same as ISRI 200 except pieces must be smaller than . * ISRI 202 (HMS 1): Same as ISRI 200 except pieces must be smaller than . * ISRI 203 (HMS 2): Wrought iron or steel scrap, black and galvanized, and larger in thickness. * ISRI 204 (HMS 2): Same as ISRI 203 except pieces must be smaller than . * ISRI 205 (HMS 2): Same as ISRI 204 except it may contain automotive scrap except for thin gauge material. * ISRI 206 (HMS 2): Same as ISRI 205 except pieces must be smaller than . HMS 1 and 2 are widely traded, particularly in the western hemisphere. Both HMS 1 and 2 comprise obsolete scrap only - iron and steel recovered from items demolished or dismantled at the end of their life. HMS 1 is the term for heavier scrap which has a density of at least 0.7 tons per cubic meter, whereas HMS 2 would be lighter steel scrap Because both grades guarantee a minimum piece thickness – at least for HMS 1, and for HMS 2 – consignments have a high density. Both also have defined maximum dimensions (usually ), and should be prepared to facilitate handling and charging to a furnace. This density, sizing and preparation makes for efficient furnace operation by minimising the time to charge enough scrap for a full melt. In contrast, thin mixed scrap greatly increases charging time, cutting furnace productivity. Variations on maximum piece size are covered by ISRI (North America’s Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries) codes. HMS is usually traded as a blend of 1 and 2, either a premium blend (80:20) or lower grade mixes (70:30) and (60:40). Other major heavy scrap grades include Japan’s H2 and A3 from the CIS.

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Steels {{industry-stub