Since the establishment of the office of president in 1993, the

head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "

he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...

being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

has been

Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki (, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and leader who has been the List of heads of state of Eritrea, president of Eritrea since 1993 and the chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) since 1994 ...

. The president is also the

head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...

of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-chief of the

Eritrean Defence Forces The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) ( قوات البحرية الارترية) are the combined military forces of Eritrea composed of three branches: Eritrean Army, Eritrean Air Force and Eritrean Navy. The Army is by far the largest, followe ...

. As of 2021, there are no term limits for the president in the Constitution of Eritrea. The list also includes the secretary-general of the Provisional Government of Eritrea, who acted as head of state between 1991 and 1993, before the proclamation of independence.

List of Provincial, Colonial and Federal Heads of Eritrea

(Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office.)

List of rulers

List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805)

List of Ottoman governors of Egypt The Ottoman Empire's governors of Egypt from 1517 to 1805 were at various times known by different but synonymous titles, among them ''beylerbey'', viceroy, governor, governor-general, or, more generally, ''wāli''. Furthermore, the Ottoman sult ...

List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1914)

List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878)

* Zulfiqar Pasha (1857–1858) (1st term) * Mustafa Naili (1858–1861) * Zulfiqar Pasha (1861–1864) (2nd term) * Raghib Pasha (1864–1866) (1st term) *

Muhammad Sharif Pasha Mohamed Sherif Pasha GCSI (February 1826 – 20 April 1887) () was an Egyptian statesman. He served as Prime Minister of Egypt three times during his career. His first term was between 7 April 1879 and 18 August 1879. His second term was served ...

(1866–1867) (1st term) * Raghib Pasha (1867–1868) (2nd term) *

(1868–1872) (2nd term) *

Nubar Pasha Nubar Pasha GCSI (; ; January 1825 – 14 January 1899) was an Egyptian-Armenian politician and the first Prime Minister of Egypt. He served as Prime Minister three times during his career. His first term was between August 1878 and 23 February 1 ...

(1872) * Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha (1872–1878)

Habesh Eyalet Habesh Eyalet (; ) was an Ottoman eyalet. It was also known as the Eyalet of Jeddah and Habesh, as Jeddah was its chief town, and Habesh and Hejaz. It extended on the areas of coastal Hejaz and Northeast Africa of Eritrea that border the Red Se ...
i (Ottoman Province of Habesh) / Massawa Province

Wali The term ''wali'' is most commonly used by Muslims to refer to a saint, or literally a "friend of God".John Renard, ''Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); John ...

= ''Governor''

Eritrea

Before the official creation of Italian Eritrea (''Colonia Eritrea'') in 1890, the territory had seven interim governors: Giovanni Branchi (1882 to 1885), Alessandro Caimi (1885), Tancredi Saletta (1885), Matteo Albertone (1886 to 1887), Tancredi Saletta (1887), Alessandro Di San Marzano (1888) and

Antonio Baldissera Antonio Baldissera (Padua, 27 May 1838 – Florence, 8 January 1917) was an Italian general, active in the Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) and in Italian Eritrea during the late 19th century. Biography Baldissera was born in on 27 May 1838 in Padua ...

(1889). Complete list of Italian Governors of Eritrea: From 1936, the colony of Eritrea was increased in size and called Eritrea Governorate, as part of Africa Orientale Italiana (AOI). The Italian governors were under direct orders of the

Viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the Anglo-Norman ''roy'' (Old Frenc ...

(representing the now-

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

and

Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...

Vittorio Emanuele)

List of Chief Executives of Eritrea (1941–1960)

Eritrea Governor-General

List of officeholders

;Political parties

Timeline

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heads of state of Eritrea Eritrea politics-related lists

Government of Eritrea 1993 establishments in Eritrea

Heads of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "