New_Terminal_Depot_at_Philadelphia_LOC_01533v

A head house or headhouse may be an enclosed building attached to an open-sided shed, or the aboveground part of a subway station.

Markets

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, head houses were often civic buildings such as

town halls In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

or courthouses located at the end of an open market shed; one example is the former market and firehouse from which Philadelphia's

Head House Square New Market, as it was originally known, and later also known as Head House (or Headhouse) Market and Second Street Market, is a historic street market on South 2nd Street between Pine and Lombard Streets in the Society Hill neighborhood of Phil ...

takes its name.

Mines

In mining, a headhouse is the housing of the headworks of various types of machinery used for moving coal to the surface, or men to or from it.

Transportation

Railroads

Since the mid-19th century, in the United States, a head house has often been the part of a passenger train station that does not house the tracks and platforms. Elsewhere, the same part of a station is known as the

station building A station building, also known as a head house, is the main building of a passenger railway station. It is typically used principally to provide services to passengers. A station building is a component of a station, which can include tracks, p ...

. In particular, it often contains the ticket counters, waiting rooms, toilets and baggage facilities. It might also include the passenger concourses and walkways between the platforms and other facilities. The head house at Philadelphia's Reading Terminal, which fronts a two level shed with tracks and platforms placed above a covered market, combined both the older and newer meanings of the word. Larger terminals had amenities that were contained within their own distinct building, which was separate from the railroad. For instance, when Cincinnati Union Terminal opened in 1933, the head house held a restaurant, lunch room, ice cream shop, news agent, drug store, small movie theater, men's and women's lounges, and restrooms that included changing rooms and showers.

Subways

In subway systems, a head house is the part of a subway station that is above ground, which contain escalators, elevators and ticket agents. On the

New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened on October 2 ...

, a head house is called a "Control House". They were built, and are still used in certain locations (such as at Broadway and West 72nd Street), where a simple staircase or kiosk was not desirable. During the design and construction of the city's original subway line opened by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in 1904, control houses were treated as integral architectural features of the system. In 1901, William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer for the Board of Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners, had traveled to Boston with architect Christopher LaFarge, where he was apparently inspired by the ornamental houses he saw used as entrances to the Tremont Street subway. In response, architects Heins & LaFarge designed each IRT control house to be an attractive exterior feature of the transit network system that was in keeping with its location. The buildings, which are examples of the Beaux-Arts style, are similar to other ground-level structures on the IRT, such as the powerhouses and sub-stations.

References