or '
is a title in
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
hierarchy. Depending on the suffix or prefix it had different meanings. The English language translation of the word is a ''
treasurer
A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance.
Government
The treasury ...
''.
Treasurer
The chief headed the personnel of the sultan's treasury. s subordinated to the chief had a title of . ''
Kalfa
Kalfa ( Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the imperial palace.
Novice girls had to await promotion to the rank of . It was a rank below t ...
'' is Turkish for 'apprentice'. was the title of the chief eunuch treasurer.
Lord (housemistress) of the sultan's palace and harem
The high or first or was a title for the housemistress of the sultan's palace, the most influential person after the prince. There were other s in the Ottoman hierarchy (the second, third...) who were subordinated to the first , hence referred to as ('superintendent').
Only the first could approach the sultan and other nobility, while the second, third and other s served the first .
References
{{Reflist, 30em
Ottoman titles
Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire