Haytham ibn Khalid was the first
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, a ...
, or independent ruler of
Shirvan, renouncing the suzerainty of the
Abbasid Caliphate in 861 and beginning the
Mazyadid dynasty.
Biography
He was the son of the
Shaybani Arab Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani (in Arabic خالد بن يزيد الشيباني) was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the second quarter of the 9th century.
Khalid was a member of the Shayban tribe, dominant in t ...
and the grandson of
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani ( ar, يزيد بن مزيد الشيباني, Yazīd ibn Mazyad al-Shaybānī; died 801) was an Arab general and governor who served the Abbasid Caliphate.
Biography
Yazid was member of the Shayban tribe, dominant ...
, both of whom had repeatedly served the
Abbasid Caliphate as governors of
Arminiya, a vast province encompassing most of the
Transcaucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...
, with
Armenia,
Iberia (
Georgia)
Albania (
Azerbaijan). His brother
Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani ( ar, محمد بن خالد بن يزيد الشيباني) was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the Caliphate's Caucasian provinces in the 9th century.
Muhammad was a memb ...
also served as governor of Arminiya. This succession of Shaybanid governors enabled them to become firmly entrenched in the region, especially in Shirvan, which came to be ruled directly by Haytham. Haytham soon adopted the Persian title "''
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, a ...
''", and after the murder of the Abbasid
caliph al-Mutawakkil
Abū al-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim bi-ʾllāh ( ar, جعفر بن محمد المعتصم بالله; March 822 – 11 December 861), better known by his regnal name Al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (, "He who relies on God") was t ...
in 861, Haytham and his heirs became ''de facto'' independent rulers of Shirvan. His brother
Yazid ibn Khalid
Yazīd ( ar, يزيد, links=no, "increasing", "adding more") is an Arabic name and may refer to:
Given name
* Yazid I (647–683), second Umayyad Caliph upon succeeding his father Muawiyah
* Yazid II (687–724), Umayyad caliph
* Yazid III (701 ...
declared himself independent as the "''
Layzanshah''", thus starting the Persianization of the family of Haytham. Nothing more is known about Haytham, except that he was at an unknown date succeeded by his son
Muhammad I.
References
Sources
*
*
{{Shirvanshahs
9th-century rulers in Asia
9th-century Arabs
Iranian people of Arab descent