![Havant & Portsmouth RJD 11](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Havant_%26_Portsmouth_RJD_11.jpg)
The Hayling Island branch was a short railway branch line in
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial county, ceremonial and non-metropolitan county, non-metropolitan counties of England, county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English citi ...
, England, that connected a station on
Hayling Island
Hayling Island is an island off the south coast of England, in the borough of Havant in the county of Hampshire, east of Portsmouth.
History
An Iron Age shrine in the north of Hayling Island was later developed into a Roman temple in the 1st c ...
with the main line network at
Havant
Havant ( ) is a town in the south-east corner of Hampshire, England between Portsmouth and Chichester. Its borough (population: 125,000) comprises the town (45,826) and its suburbs including the resort of Hayling Island as well as Rowland's Castl ...
. It was built by the Hayling Railway; at first the company planned to run it along a new embankment built along tidal mudflats, but this proved impractical. The line was opened along firm ground in 1867.
The line included a bridge and viaduct over tidal water at Langstone; there was a low weight restriction on the viaduct, and only small locomotives were allowed to use it; this resulted in the survival in active service of former
LB&SCR A1 class
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) A1 class is a class of British steam locomotive. Designed by William Stroudley, 50 members of the class were built in 1872 and between 1874 and 1880, all at Brighton Works. The class has r ...
tank engines (known as "Terriers" until closure of the line).
In the early 1960s large numbers of holidaymakers were carried on the line in high season, but heavy expenditure on repairs to the viaduct would have been necessary, and the cost was unsupportable; the line closed in 1963.
History
Before the Hayling Railway
![Hayling 1864](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Hayling_1864.png)
Hayling Island had long been isolated, situated off the south coast at the eastern side of the island where
Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
stands. The soil is good, encouraging agriculture.
[J T Howard Turner, ''The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 2: Establishment and Growth'', B T Batsford & Co, London, 1978, , pages 138 to 140] In 1824 the lord of the manor,
Lord Norfolk, had a road bridge constructed at Langstone. Mitchell describes the bridge as frail. For the first time the island had a roadway connection to the mainland; but the poor road system on the island, and the widely dispersed farming settlements meant that transport was still a major difficulty.
[Vic Mitchell, Keith Smith and Alan Bell, ''Branch Line to Hayling'', Middleton Press, Midhurst, 1984 reprint 1993, , in section Geographical Setting]
In 1847 the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway opened a line from Chichester to Portsmouth, connecting with the route from London via Brighton. There was a station at Havant, but this did little to improve Hayling's commercial position, chiefly because of the poor roads in the general district.
[John Scott-Morgan, ''The Hayling Island Branch – the Hayling Billy'', Pen and Sword Transport, Barnsley, 2019, , pages 7 and 8]
In 1858 the Portsmouth Direct Railway was opened; it became aligned with the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) and was eventually absorbed by the LSWR. Serious friction developed between the LBSCR and the LSWR and it took some time for ordinary railway business to resume. The LSWR considered Portsmouth to be the only significant population centre in the area and gave little thought to the island.
[
]
Hayling Railway authorised
It was left to local people to promote a railway into the island, and they did so, getting Parliamentary authorisation for the Hayling Railway on 23 July 1860. There would be a substantial timber viaduct at Langstone with an opening section for navigation. The line would continue to Sinah Point, at the extreme western tip of the island; it would cross mudflats passing some distance to the west of the hard ground, and enabling the reclamation of substantial areas of land. In addition, docks were to be constructed at Sinah.[Ernest F Carter, ''An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles'', Cassell, London, 1959, page 311][Donald J Grant, ''Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain'', Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, , page 258][ Authorised capital was £50,000, but this proved to be very difficult to generate. Nevertheless a limited start was made, and by August 1864 the first part of the line, as far as Langstone Quay was ready; this was opened to goods trains on 19 January 1865.][Richard Barton, ''The Hayling Island Branch Line from 1867 to 1963'', in Ralph Cousins (compiler), ''A History of the Hayling Island Branch Line, A History of the Hayling Island Branch Line'', Havant Borough History Booklet no 26, 2020, page 19][
The directors did not lack ambition, for they had obtained a further parliamentary Act on 14 July 1864 authorising an eastward extension from Sinah Point to ]South Hayling
South Hayling is a village and former civil parish on Hayling Island, about 5 miles from Havant, in the Havant district, in the county of Hampshire, England. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 15,948. South Hayling BUA's classification is a ...
, intending to build a small port there.[Peter Drury, ''The Origins of the Hayling Island Branch Line'', in Ralph Cousins (compiler), A History of the Hayling Island Branch Line, Havant Borough History Booklet no 26, 2020, page 14][ However the construction across the mudflats to Sinah Point was turning out to be far more costly than anticipated, and at the same time revenue from the short Langstone to Havant line was disappointing, and construction was soon suspended.][Drury, page 16]
A new start
While the work was at a standstill, Francis Fuller (1807 – 1887) was active in acquiring land on the island. He saw the potential of the island for leisure purposes, including a race track and other amenities. Fuller noted that the railway construction across the mudflats was prohibitively expensive, and he had the line resurveyed, to reroute it across hard ground. He acquired the necessary land himself, and engaged a contractor, Frederick Furness. He got the necessary authorising Act for the change on 12 August 1867. Work had been in progress in anticipation of the Act and Fuller made a private passenger journey on the line on 28 June 1867. An inspection of the line for the Board of Trade
The Board of Trade is a British government body concerned with commerce and industry, currently within the Department for International Trade. Its full title is The Lords of the Committee of the Privy Council appointed for the consideration of ...
, required for public passenger operation, took place on 4 July 1867, but here were numerous shortcomings and approval was refused. The Board of Trade inspecting officer made a further visit on 15 August 1867, and this time approved passenger opening. As well as technical defects there was an unauthorised level crossing at Langstone. As matters developed, the crossing was condoned and never converted to a bridge as authorised.[ A full public service was begun on 16 July 1867.][Turner, volume 2, pages 244 and 245][Scott-Morgan, pages 9 and 10][Drury, pages 18 and 19] This was immediately prior to the first day of a race meeting arranged by Fuller.[S Y K and H L H, ''The Hayling Railway'', in Railway Magazine, December 1921, page 367]
The line now terminated at South Hayling (later renamed Hayling Island). The originally intended commercial destination and dock at Sinah Point was no longer in consideration.[ The sum of £82, 275 had been expended; this can be compared with the original paid up capital of £54,564 with a further £21,300 raised for the South Hayling extension of 1864. This left a debt of £11,321, and the company was forced into the hands of the official receiver in 1869.][Figures from Scott; the arithmetic is difficult to follow.][
]
Operational considerations
Train service
The train service was operated by Furness, the contractor for the construction. Eventually the company needed to buy capital equipment, including locomotives, and had no means to do so. However the London Brighton and South Coast railway (LBSCR) agreed to lease the line from January 1872, and Furness’s operation came to an end. The LBSCR used Stroudley A1 0-6-0 tank engines, known as "Terriers", and four-wheeled coaches.[Mitchell et al, section Historical Background]
Langstone
At the time of the LBSCR taking over the operation, the company started to use the name Langston for the station, although the community was and is spelt Langstone.[Mitchell et al, caption to photograph 43]
In the period 1879 – 1901 the timber viaduct at Langstone was renewed.[ Its low carrying capacity was always a severe limitation on the rolling stock on the line, and caused the small Terrier locomotives to be the mainstay of the engine power fleet. Four-wheel passenger coaches were used.][Barton, pages 20 and 21]
Motor train working on the Hayling Branch
In January 1907 motor-train working was introduced between Havant and Hayling. This consisted of a specially adapted ‘Terrier’ engine and a third class only auto-train trailer coach. With this arrangement the coach was pulled as normal with the engine in front on the outward journey and on the return journey the coach was pushed by the engine at the rear. This avoided the delay in the engine running round at each end of the run. The driver sat in a small compartment at the end of the coach and controlled the engine regulator by levers connected through the coach, and operated the brake by a brake valve at his driving position. The fireman remained on the engine. Initially there was a mechanical connection for the control, but in 1909 it was changed to a pneumatic system. The single class coach was not popular as it had insufficient accommodation for the heavy traffic in the summer months, so during this period normal train operation was reinstated. In addition the running of mixed trains (conveying goods wagons) were awkward to operate under the push-pull system. In 1916 the use of the motor-train was discontinued completely.[Cousins, page 120][
]
From 1923
Although the line was leased by the LBSCR, the Hayling Island Railway company continued in existence, receiving the regular lease charge. In 1923 however it was absorbed into the Southern Railway under the Grouping of the railways of Great Britain, following the Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an Act of Parliament enacted by the British government and intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four la ...
.[Scott-Morgan, page 10]
The road bridge to Hayling Island had a very severe weight restriction. During World War II armaments delivered to the Island had to be dismantled at Langstone and transferred to railway vehicles, for transport by rail over the waterway.[Mitchell et al, caption to photograph 60]
Following the Transport Act 1947
The Transport Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6 c. 49) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Under the terms of the Act, the railway network, long-distance road haulage and various other types of transport were nationalised and came under ...
, the Southern Railway was taken into national ownership under British Railways in 1948.
High season operation
In the early 1950s it was common for the branch to handle 7,000 passengers in a day, on summer Saturdays. There were three holiday camps on the island in 1963.[Michael J C Kennett, ''The Hayling Island Branch'', in the Railway Magazine, September 1963, pages 599 to 603] There was no intermediate crossing place on the line, so the routine was that when a train arrived at Hayling, a loaded train immediately departed. The locomotive of the arriving train was released; the passengers having now disembarked, the locomotive shunted its train to the bay platform. It now loaded and was ready to depart on arrival of the next inward train. At Havant there was only a single bay platform, so on arrival of a train there a waiting light engine attached to the Hayling end of the train and departed for Hayling. As it was travelling away the released engine at Havant moved to an engine spur to await the next arrival. Accordingly two sets of coaches were almost continuously in motion, using three engines. The engines took water at Havant and coaled at Hayling Island.[Betty Marshall, ''Memories of the Hayling Billy Line'', in Cousins, pages 106 and 110, quoting an undated Hampshire Telegraph (newspaper) article)][Edwin Course, ''The Railways of Southern England'', B T Batsford Ltd, London, 1974, , pages 236 to 241]
In the final years of operation, the branch line passenger service consisted of 15 journeys Monday to Friday, 24 on Saturday and 21 on Sunday.[
]
Closure
Modernisation failed to come to the branch, and the A1X "Terrier" steam locomotives carried on. Although the line was marginally profitable, deterioration of the swing bridge and timber viaduct at Langstone was going to necessitate renewal at a cost of £400,000, and this was considered unaffordable. Instead, closure came on 4 November 1963.[Scott-Morgan, page 13][
]
Isle of Wight wagon ferry
From 1885 a train ferry operated from Langstone, on Hayling Island, to Brading
The ancient 'Kynges Towne' of Brading is the main town of the civil parishes in England, civil parish of the same name. The ecclesiastical parish of Brading used to cover about a tenth of the Isle of Wight. The civil parish now includes the town ...
on the Isle of Wight. It was the only train ferry to operate to the Isle of Wight, and the first in the south of England.[Mitchell et al, section Marine Transit Company]
The paddle steamer ''Carrier'' was built at Greenock
Greenock (; sco, Greenock; gd, Grianaig, ) is a town and administrative centre in the Inverclyde council areas of Scotland, council area in Scotland, United Kingdom and a former burgh of barony, burgh within the Counties of Scotland, historic ...
and launched in 1858 as part of a fleet of train ferries introduced to carry goods wagons across the Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth () is the estuary, or firth, of several Scottish rivers including the River Forth. It meets the North Sea with Fife on the north coast and Lothian on the south.
Name
''Firth'' is a cognate of ''fjord'', a Norse word meani ...
and Firth of Tay
The Firth of Tay (; gd, Linne Tatha) is a firth on the east coast of Scotland, into which the River Tay (Scotland's largest river in terms of flow) empties. The firth is surrounded by four council areas: Fife, Perth and Kinross, City of Du ...
. She had two tracks on her deck each capable of taking seven railway wagons. In 1883 she was sold to the Isle of Wight Marine Transit Company, who started up a rail freight ferry link between Bembridge
Bembridge is a village and civil parish located on the easternmost point of the Isle of Wight. It had a population of 3,848 according to the 2001 census of the United Kingdom, leading to the implausible claim by some residents that Bembridge ...
Harbour and a newly constructed wharf near to the Hayling railway bridge. The sale included the cradles and winding equipment that had been used at Tayport
Tayport, also known as Ferry-Port on Craig, is a town and burgh, and parish, in the county of Fife, Scotland, acting as a commuter town for Dundee. The motto of the Burgh is ''Te oportet alte ferri'' ("It is incumbent on you to carry yourself ...
and Broughty Ferry
Broughty Ferry (; Scottish Gaelic: ''Bruach Tatha''; Scots: ''Brochtie'') is a suburb of Dundee, Scotland. It is situated four miles east of the city centre on the north bank of the Firth of Tay. The area was a separate burgh from 1864 until ...
. The sale price was £3,400.[ The cradles were movable platforms that ran on ramped rails at the ferry berths, and themselves carried railway rails and a drawbridge section to bridge the final gap to the vessel.][''The Isle of Wight Steam Ferry'', description from the Engineer (magazine), 7 August 1885, reproduced in Mitchell]
The intention was to enable the transport of coal and other bulk commodities to the island, and cattle from it, by rail without the double transshipment that was otherwise necessary to cross the Solent. It was also thought that cattle might be sent from the island to markets on the mainland.[Ann Griffiths, ''Langstone to Isle of Wight Train Ferry 1885 to 1888'', in Cousins, A History, page 83]
Carrier made her first Isle of Wight trip on 14 July 1885 from Langstone to Brading; she successfully transported 12 wagons loaded with merchandise and weighing 160 tons. However by December 1886, the Isle of Wight company was in financial trouble, due to very light demand for the service, and the London Brighton and South Coast Railway agreed to hire the Carrier and the quays to keep the operation running. Carrier had a flat bottom and the more exposed seas on the Solent were troublesome, and the ferry was unprofitable; it was discontinued on 31 March 1888. Two lines of wooden piles, which formed part of Langstone wharf, could still (in 2020) be seen near the remains of the railway bridge.[J T Howard Turner, ''The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 3: Completion and Maturity'', B T Batsford Ltd London, 1979, , page 54]
Since closure
Part of the course of the former railway is a local nature reserve and footpath
In addition, part of the route is designated as the Hayling Billy Cycle Trail.[Visit Hampshire: ''Hayling Billy Cycle Trail'' at https://www.visit-hampshire.co.uk/things-to-do/hayling-billy-cycle-trail-p1192231]
The old crossing keepers' cottages near Langston railway station unexpectedly caught fire in December 2018 and were almost completely destroyed. The property company owning the site was ordered to rebuild them.
Location list
*Havant; main line station opened by LBSCR 15 March 1847; still open;
* Langstone; opened 15 July 1867; renamed Langston; closed 4 November 1963;
* North Hayling; opened15 July 1867; closed 4 November 1963;
* Hayling Island; opened 15 July 1867; renamed South Hayling August 1869; renamed Hayling Island 1 June 1892; closed 4 November 1963.[M E Quick, ''Railway Passenger Stations in England, Wales and Scotland: A Chronology'', version 5.04, September 2022, Railway and Canal Historical Society, electronic download]
Gallery
Image:PB170LgstnSTN.JPG, Station Master's House at Langston(e).
Image:Hayling Island station site (2007).jpg, The goods shed at Hayling Island Station is now a Theatre.
Notes
{{reflist , group = note
References
External links
Google Earth map showing route
Railways on English Islands
Rail transport in Hampshire
Closed railway lines in South East England
Railway lines opened in 1865
Railway lines closed in 1963
Hayling Island
Rail trails in England