Haterk ( hy, Հաթերք) or Hasanriz ( az, Həsənriz) is a village ''
de facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...
'' in the
Martakert Province
Martakert Province ( hy, Մարտակերտ) is a province of the Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The population is mainly Armenian. The province has 43 communities of which one is considered urban and 42 a ...
of the
breakaway Republic of Artsakh
Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Artsakh controls a part of the former ...
, ''
de jure
In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...
'' in the
Kalbajar District
Kalbajar District ( az, Kəlbəcər rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Khojaly, Agdam, Tart ...
of
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
, in the disputed region of
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh ( ) is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and Syunik, and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains. The region is m ...
. The village has an ethnic
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
-majority population, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.
History
![Zhingyalov hats Festival in Artsakh, 2019](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Zhingyalov_hats_Festival_in_Artsakh%2C_2019.jpg)
After the
Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the
Seljuks
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes
by the Turk ...
conquered most of the remnants of
Bagratid Armenia
The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, also known as Bagratid Armenia ( xcl, Բագրատունեաց Հայաստան, or , , 'kingdom of the Bagratunis'), was an independent Armenian state established by Ashot I Bagratuni of the Bagratuni dynasty ...
, which had been largely annexed by the
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
in the 11th century. The
Syunik,
Khachen (Artsakh) and
Tashir
Tashir ( hy, Տաշիր) is a town and urban municipal community located in Lori Province at the north of Armenia, near the border with Georgia. It is located 42 km north of the provincial centre Vanadzor and 154 north of the capital Ye ...
principalities remained unconquered however. The Syunik and Khachen principalities had close ties, their royal families intermarried, and their respective principalities functioned as refuges and bastions for each other during times of need.
During the end of the 12th century, Seljuk power declined, and forces of the
Georgian-Armenian Zakarian princes moved southwards and established
Zakarid Armenia
Zakarid Armenia ( hy, Զաքարյան Հայաստան ''Zakaryan Hayastan'') was an Armenian principality between 1201 and 1360, ruled by the Zakarid-Mkhargrzeli dynasty. The city of Ani was the capital of the princedom. The Zakarids were va ...
. During this period, the Armenian principalities of the region consisted of the three branches of
Khachen
The Principality of Khachen ( hy, Խաչենի իշխանություն, Khacheni ishkhanutyun) was a medieval Armenian principality on the territory of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh). The provinces of Artsakh and Utik were ...
:
Tsar
Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the ter ...
, Haterk and
Khokhanaberd
Khokhanaberd ( hy, Խոխանաբերդ, az, Xoxanabert), also known as Khanabert ( az, Xanabert qalası) and Tarkhanaberd ( hy, Թարխանաբերդ), is a 9th-century mountaintop fortress near the village of Vank, in the disputed region of ...
(with their spiritual center at
Gandzasar) along with the Khaghbakian family in northern Syunik (
Vayots Dzor
Vayots Dzor ( hy, Վայոց Ձոր, ) is a province (''marz'') of Armenia. It lies at the southeastern end of the country, bordering the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan to the west and the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan to the east. It cover ...
). The Armenian princes of Haterk (Upper Khachen) were established on the left bank of the
Tartar River, with their spiritual center being at
Dadivank
Dadivank ( hy, Դադիվանք) or Khutavank ( hy, Խութավանք, translation=monastery on the hillЖеан-Паул Лабурдетьте, Доминикуе Аузиас, Армения, Petit Futé, 2007 – p. 203) is an Armenian Ap ...
, the principal church of which was established by Arzu-Khatun, the wife of Vakhtang of Haterk. Prince Hasan of Haterk left an inscription at Dadivank in 1182. The leading family among the three Khachen princes was the one from Haterk. Vakhtang of Haterk contributed in 1191 to the building of the Nor Getik monastery (present day
Goshavank
Goshavank (; meaning "Monastery of Gosh"; previously known as Nor Getik) is a 12th- or 13th-century Armenian monastery located in the village of Gosh in the Tavush Province of Armenia. The impressive monastery which has remained in relatively go ...
in northeastern Armenia).
In the 15th century, Artsakh was subjugated by the
Turkmen tribes of
Qara Qoyunlu and
Aq Qoyunlu, and Haterk was destroyed. Its inhabitants founded the modern village close to the original settlement in the 16th century.
In 1603, the Persians established a protectorate over the
Melikdoms of Karabakh
The Five Melikdoms of Karabakh, also known as Khamsa Melikdoms (), were Armenian feudal entities on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh and neighboring lands, from the dissolution of the Principality of Khachen in the 15th century to the ...
and sponsored the establishment of a
local khanate in 1750.
During the
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
period, Haterk was a part of the
Mardakert District in the
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its cap ...
of the
Azerbaijan SSR. Haterk came under the control of Armenian forces during the
First Nagorno-Karabakh War and subsequently became part of the
Martakert Province
Martakert Province ( hy, Մարտակերտ) is a province of the Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The population is mainly Armenian. The province has 43 communities of which one is considered urban and 42 a ...
of the
Republic of Artsakh
Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Artsakh controls a part of the former ...
. After the
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involving Azerbai ...
, 157
displaced people
Forced displacement (also forced migration) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region. The UNHCR defines 'forced displacement' as follows: displaced "as a result of persecution, conflict, g ...
settled in the village.
Historical heritage sites
Haterk can be divided into three historical parts, ''Shen'' or ''Pap'' – the village center, ''Kyok'' and ''Mtghaser''. There are several historical and cultural heritage sites in and around Haterk, including the ruined St. Nshan Church ( hy, Սուրբ Նշան եկեղեցի, Surb Nshan Yekeghetsi), the chapel of ''Astghablur'' ( hy, Աստղաբլուր) and an
oil mill
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated ...
from the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
, the monastery of ''Mesis'' ( hy, Մեսիս), the ruined village of ''Khotorashen'' ( hy, Խոտորաշեն), a chapel-tomb and
khachkars from between the 12th and 13th centuries, a 19th/20th-century fortress, and the 19th-century church of ''Surb Astvatsatsin'' ( hy, Սուրբ Աստվածածին, ) in the center of Haterk, the only one of the three churches in Haterk that still stands.
Economy and culture
The population is mainly engaged in agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
and animal husbandry. As of 2015, the village has a municipal building, a house of culture, a medical centre, a secondary school, a kindergarten, and 19 shops.[ The village hosts a yearly Zhingyalov hats festival since 2018.]
Demographics
Haterk had 1,531 inhabitants in 2005, and 1,638 inhabitants in 2015.[ The population of the village was estimated to be 1,800 inhabitants in 2021.]
Gallery
Հաթերք, Արցախ.jpg,
Landscape from Haterk village, Artsakh 02.jpg,
References
External links
*
{{Portal bar, Geography
Populated places in Martakert Province
Populated places in Kalbajar District