Harghita (, hu, Hargita megye, ) is a county (
județ
A ''județ'' (, plural ) is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.
''Județ'' translates into English as "jurisdiction", but is co ...
) in the center of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
, in eastern
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the A ...
, with the county seat at
Miercurea Ciuc.
Demographics
2002 census
In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a
population density
Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopu ...
of 52/km
2.
*
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the ...
– 84.62% (or 276,038)
*
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Romania ...
– 14.06% (or 45,870)
*
Romani
Romani may refer to:
Ethnicities
* Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia
** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule
* Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
– 1.18% (or 3,835)
*
Others – 0.14%
2011 census
In 2011, it had a population of 302,432 and a population density of 46/km
2.
*
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the ...
– 85.21% (or 257,707)
*
Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Romania ...
– 12.96% (or 39,196)
*
Romani
Romani may refer to:
Ethnicities
* Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia
** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule
* Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
*
Others – 1.76% (or 5,326).
Harghita county has the highest percentage of Hungarians in Romania, just ahead of
Covasna county
Covasna County (, hu, Kovászna megye, ) is a county ( județ) of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Sfântu Gheorghe.
Demographics
In 2011, it had a population of 210,177, making it the second least populous of Romani ...
. The Hungarians form the majority of the population in most of the county's municipalities, with Romanians concentrated in the northern and eastern part of the county (particularly
Toplița
Toplița (; hu, Maroshévíz, ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania.
The settlement has had multiple name changes: ''Taplócza'', ''Toplicza'', ''Gyergyó-Toplicza'', from February 3, 1861 ''Oláh-Toplicza'', or "Roman ...
and
Bălan), as well as in the enclave of
Voșlăbeni.
The
Székelys
The Székelys (, Székely runes: 𐳥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗), also referred to as Szeklers,; ro, secui; german: Szekler; la, Siculi; sr, Секељи, Sekelji; sk, Sikuli are a Hungarian subgroup living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania. ...
of Harghita are mostly Roman Catholic, with
Reformed and
Unitarian minorities, while the ethnic Romanians are primarily
Orthodox. Catholicism is strongest in the east, in the former
Csíkszék, while Protestants are concentrated in the west, south and west of
Odorheiu Secuiesc. By religion, the county is divided roughly as follows:
*
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
(65%)
*
Orthodox (13%)
*
Reformed (13%)
*
Unitarian (7%)
* Other (2%)
''Demographic evolution''
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Geography
Harghita County has a total area of 6,639 km
2.
Harghita consists primarily of mountains, connected to the
Eastern Carpathians, such as the
Ciuc and
Harghita Mountains
The Harghita Mountains (in Hungarian Hargita, in Romanian ''Munții Harghita'') is a volcanic mountain range of the Căliman-Harghita Mountains in Harghita County of Romania, part of the Inner Eastern Carpathians.
The range is about long an ...
; volcanic plateaux, foothills, and the more densely populated river valleys.
The mountains are volcanic in origin, and the region is known for its excellent hot mineral springs. Harghita is known as one of the coldest regions in Romania, although summers can be quite warm.
It is in this county that two of the most important rivers in Romania, the
Mureș and the
Olt
Olt or OLT may refer to:
People:
* Károly Olt (1904–1985), Hungarian politician
* Mike Olt (born 1988), American baseball player
Places:
* Olt County, a county (județ) of Romania
* Olt (river), a river in Romania
** Olt Defile, a defile that ...
, originate. These rivers' origins, near the villages of
Izvoru Mureșului and
Sândominic
Sândominic ( hu, Csíkszentdomokos, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is composed of a single village, Sândominic.
Demographic ...
, are only a few miles apart; yet the Mureș flows west to the
Tisza
The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Once, it was called "the most Hungarian river" because it flowed entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders.
The Tisza be ...
, while the Olt flows south to the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
. In the western part of the county the two
Târnava rivers (Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică) flow to the Târnava Plateau, which is part of the
Transylvanian Plateau
The Transylvanian Plateau ( ro, Podișul Transilvaniei; hu, Erdélyi-medence) is a plateau in central Romania.
The plateau lies within and takes its name from the historical region of Transylvania, and is almost entirely surrounded by the East ...
.
Harghita's spectacular natural scenery includes
Sfânta Ana Lake, a volcanic crater lake near the town of
Băile Tușnad
Băile Tușnad (; hu, Tusnádfürdő, ) is a town in Harghita County, Romania in eastern Transylvania.
With a population of 1,617, it is the smallest town in Romania by population. It is located at an altitude of 650 metres in the southern reac ...
;
Lacul Roșu
Red Lake is a natural dam lake in Harghita County, Romania. It is located in the Hășmaș Mountains, on the upper course of the Bicaz River, and lies at the foot of the , near the Bicaz Gorge, at a distance of from Gheorgheni and from Bicaz ...
a mountain lake in the northeast near the town of
Gheorgheni
Gheorgheni (; hu, Gyergyószentmiklós ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Romania.
It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages:
* Covacipeter / Kovácspéter
* Lacu Roș ...
, and
Cheile Bicazului
The Bicaz Gorge (Romanian language, Romanian: ''Cheile Bicazului'', Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Békás-szoros'') is a gorge in Romania, located in the north-east part of the country, in Neamț County, Neamț and Harghita County, Harghita ...
, a dramatic, narrow canyon formed by the
Bicaz
Bicaz ( hu, Békás) is a town in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania situated in the eastern Carpathian Mountains near the confluence of the Bicaz and Bistrița Rivers and near Lake Bicaz, an artificial lake formed by the Bicaz Dam on th ...
stream. The county is renowned for its spa resorts and
mineral waters
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may usually be still or sparkling (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases.
Tr ...
.
Neighbours
*
Neamț County
Neamț County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț. The county takes its name from the Neamț River.
Demographics
Population
In 2011, it had a population of 470,766 ...
and
Bacău County
Bacău County () is a county ( județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with its capital city at Bacău. It has one commune, Ghimeș-Făget, in Transylvania.
Geography
This county has a total area of .
In the western part of the county the ...
to the East.
*
Mureș County
Mureș County (, ro, Județul Mures, hu, Maros megye) is a county (''județ'') of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative ...
to the West.
*
Suceava County
Suceava County () is a county ('' ro, județ'') of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper.
The county seat is the historical town ...
to the North.
*
Brașov County
Brașov County () is a county ( județ) of Romania, in Transylvania. Its capital city is Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" (''țări'') Burzenland and Făgăraș.
Name
In Hungarian, it is known ...
and
Covasna County
Covasna County (, hu, Kovászna megye, ) is a county ( județ) of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Sfântu Gheorghe.
Demographics
In 2011, it had a population of 210,177, making it the second least populous of Romania ...
to the South.
Economy
The county's main industries:
* Wood industry – up to 30%;
* Foods and beverages industry;
* Textile and leather processing;
* Mechanical components.
Tourism
The main tourist attractions in Harghita county are
* The cities of
Miercurea Ciuc,
Odorheiu Secuiesc,
Gheorgheni
Gheorgheni (; hu, Gyergyószentmiklós ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Romania.
It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages:
* Covacipeter / Kovácspéter
* Lacu Roș ...
,
Toplița
Toplița (; hu, Maroshévíz, ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania.
The settlement has had multiple name changes: ''Taplócza'', ''Toplicza'', ''Gyergyó-Toplicza'', from February 3, 1861 ''Oláh-Toplicza'', or "Roman ...
.
* The mountain resorts of
**
Băile Tușnad
Băile Tușnad (; hu, Tusnádfürdő, ) is a town in Harghita County, Romania in eastern Transylvania.
With a population of 1,617, it is the smallest town in Romania by population. It is located at an altitude of 650 metres in the southern reac ...
**
Borsec
Borsec ( hu, Borszék, ) is a town in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. The town and the surrounding areas are well known for their thermal bath, spas and mineral waters. It has a population of 2,585, with a majority of ethnic Hungarians (mo ...
**
Lacul Roșu
Red Lake is a natural dam lake in Harghita County, Romania. It is located in the Hășmaș Mountains, on the upper course of the Bicaz River, and lies at the foot of the , near the Bicaz Gorge, at a distance of from Gheorgheni and from Bicaz ...
**
Izvorul Mureşului
**
Harghita Băi
*
Lake Sfânta Ana
Lake Sfânta Ana (; hu, Szent Anna-tó; ) is the only crater lake in Romania located in the volcanic crater of the volcano named Ciomatu Mare of the Eastern Carpathians, near Tușnad in the Natural Reserve of Mohoș, Harghita County, Romania.
...
(crater lake)
Politics
The Harghita County Council, renewed at the
2020 local elections, consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:
Administrative divisions
Harghita County has 4 municipalities, 5 towns and 58 communes
*Municipalities
**
Gheorgheni
Gheorgheni (; hu, Gyergyószentmiklós ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Romania.
It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages:
* Covacipeter / Kovácspéter
* Lacu Roș ...
**
Miercurea Ciuc – county seat; population: 37,980 (as of 2011)
**
Odorheiu Secuiesc
**
Toplița
Toplița (; hu, Maroshévíz, ) is a municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania.
The settlement has had multiple name changes: ''Taplócza'', ''Toplicza'', ''Gyergyó-Toplicza'', from February 3, 1861 ''Oláh-Toplicza'', or "Roman ...
*Towns
**
Băile Tușnad
Băile Tușnad (; hu, Tusnádfürdő, ) is a town in Harghita County, Romania in eastern Transylvania.
With a population of 1,617, it is the smallest town in Romania by population. It is located at an altitude of 650 metres in the southern reac ...
**
Bălan
**
Borsec
Borsec ( hu, Borszék, ) is a town in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. The town and the surrounding areas are well known for their thermal bath, spas and mineral waters. It has a population of 2,585, with a majority of ethnic Hungarians (mo ...
**
Cristuru Secuiesc
Cristuru Secuiesc (; hu, Székelykeresztúr, ) is a town in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The town administers two villages:
Betești (''Betfalva''), part of Mugeni u ...
**
Vlăhița
*Communes
**
Atid
Atid ( hu, Etéd, ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is composed of five villages:
History
From ancient times the area w ...
**
Avrămești
Avrămești ( hu, Szentábrahám, Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning "St. Abraham") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is co ...
**
Bilbor
**
Brădești
**
Căpâlnița
Căpâlnița ( hu, Kápolnásfalu, Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning "Village with a Chapel") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is composed of a single vil ...
**
Cârța
**
Ciceu
Ciceu ( hu, Csíkcsicsó , or colloquially ) is a commune in Romania, located in Harghita County. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The commune is composed of two villages:
*Ciaracio / Csaracsó
*Cic ...
**
Ciucsângeorgiu
**
Ciumani
Ciumani ( hu, Gyergyócsomafalva, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is composed of a single village, Ciumani.
Governance
It bel ...
**
Corbu
**
Corund
Corund ( hu, Korond, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, in the "Salt Region" (''Ținutul Sării'' or ''Sóvidék''). Corund is fa ...
**
Cozmeni
**
Dănești
**
Dârjiu
Dârjiu ( hu, Székelyderzs, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
The toponym "''Székelyderzs''" was first mentioned as "De ers" in a ...
**
Dealu
Dealu ( hu, Oroszhegy, meaning "Russian Mountain"; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The commune is known for its plum-based pálin ...
**
Ditrău
Ditrău (; or ''Gyergyóditró'' ) is a commune in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Ditrău, Jolotca (''Orotva''), and Țengheler (''Csengellér'' or ''Cengellér'').
The commune sits near the river Mar ...
**
Feliceni
Feliceni ( hu, Felsőboldogfalva, , meaning "Upper Village of the Blessed", referring to the Virgin Mary) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania, in the vicinity of Odorheiu Secuiesc. It forms part of the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural reg ...
**
Frumoasa
**
Gălăutaș
**
Joseni
Joseni ( hu, Gyergyóalfalu, Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning "Lower Village in Gyergyó") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of three villa ...
**
Lăzarea
Lăzarea ( hu, Gyergyószárhegy or colloquially ''Szárhegy'', Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning ''Bald Mountain in Gyergyó'') is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylv ...
**
Leliceni
Leliceni ( hu, Csíkszentlélek or colloquially ''Szentlélek'', meaning "Holy Spirit", Hungarian pronunciation:) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component ...
**
Lueta
Lueta ( hu, Lövéte, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of two villages:
*Băile Chirui / Kirulyfürdő
* Lueta / L ...
**
Lunca de Jos
Lunca de Jos ( hu, Gyimesközéplok, : , colloquially ''Középlok'') is a commune in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. It lies in the ethno-cultural region Szekely land.
Component villages
The commune is composed of nine villages:
...
**
Lunca de Sus
Lunca de Sus ( hu, Gyimesfelsőlok; or colloquially ''Felsőlok'') is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Szekely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is composed of six vil ...
**
Lupeni
Lupeni (; German: ''Schylwolfsbach'', Hungarian: ''Lupény'') is a mining city in the Jiu Valley in Hunedoara County, Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Jiu Valley. It is located ...
**
Mădăraș
**
Mărtiniș
Mărtiniș ( hu, Homoródszentmárton; Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning "St. Martin of Homorod") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
...
**
Merești
**
Mihăileni
**
Mugeni
**
Ocland
Ocland ( hu, Oklánd, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
The commune is composed of three villages:
*Crăciunel / Karácsonyfalva
* ...
**
Păuleni-Ciuc
Păuleni-Ciuc ( hu, Csíkpálfalva or colloquially ''Pálfalva'', Hungarian pronunciation:, meaning ''Paul's Village of Csík'') is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvan ...
**
Plăieșii de Jos
Plăieșii de Jos ( hu, Kászonaltíz or ''Kászon'', Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is compose ...
**
Porumbeni
**
Praid
Praid (, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Salzberg) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of six villages:
Demographics
The commune has an a ...
**
Racu
Racu ( hu, Csíkrákos, , meaning "Place with the Crabs of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is composed of two vill ...
**
Remetea
**
Săcel
**
Sâncrăieni
Sâncrăieni ( hu, Csíkszentkirály or colloquially ''Szentkirály'', Hungarian pronunciation: , german: Heilkönig, both meaning "holy king" and referring to King St Stephen of Hungary) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. Composed of a sin ...
**
Sândominic
Sândominic ( hu, Csíkszentdomokos, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is composed of a single village, Sândominic.
Demographic ...
**
Sânmartin
**
Sânsimion
Sânsimion ( hu, Csíkszentsimon or colloquially ''Szentsimon'', , meaning "St. Simon of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The c ...
**
Sântimbru
**
Sărmaș
Sărmaș ( hu, Salamás) is a commune in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. Ethnic Romanians represent the majority. The commune is composed of five villages: Hodoșa (''Gyergyóhodos''), Fundoaia (''Fundoja''), Platonești (''Kerekfenyő''), ...
**
Satu Mare
**
Secuieni
**
Siculeni
Siculeni ( hu, Madéfalva, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a Communes of Romania, commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The Siculicidium took place here.
The commune is ...
**
Șimonești
**
Subcetate
**
Suseni
**
Tomești
**
Tulgheș
**
Tușnad
**
Ulieș
Ulieș ( hu, Kányád) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is composed of eight villages:
Demographics
The commune has an ...
**
Vărșag
**
Voșlăbeni
**
Zetea
Zetea ( hu, Zetelaka, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in the central part of Harghita County, Romania. The commune lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Component villages
The commune is composed o ...
See also
*Former
Csík County
Csík (Hungarian, in Romanian: ''Ciuc'') was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (eastern Transylvania). The capital of the county was Csíkszereda (now Miercurea Ciuc).
Geograp ...
of the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
References
External links
{{Authority control
Counties of Romania
Hungarian communities in Romania
Geography of Transylvania
1968 establishments in Romania
States and territories established in 1968