Haqnazar Haider Sultan bin Qasim Khan ( kk, حقنظر حيدر سلطان بن قاسم خان), commonly known as Haqnazar Khan, was the khan of the Kazakh khanate from 1538-1580. He was the second-oldest son of Qasim Khan and the younger brother of Muhammed Khan. Haqnazar's name comes from the Arabic word "хақ", which means "“truth, correctness" and the Turko-Persian word "Nazar", which means "vision". For much of his early life, Haqnazar was simply called by his middle name "Haider", which was given to him in honor of Kasım Khan's

Shaybanid The Shibanids or Shaybanids ( fa, سلسله شیبانیان) or more accurately the Abu'l-Khayrid-Shibanids were a Persianized''Introduction: The Turko-Persian tradition'', Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, ed. Robert L ...

uncle, Sheikh Haidar. He only went by "Haqnazar" after succeeding Ahmed Khan and Toghym Khan as the ruler of the Kazakhs. Under Haqnazar Khan, also known as Haq-Nazar or Khaknazar Khan or Ak Nazar Khan, the Kazakh Khanate faced competition from several directions: the

Nogai Horde The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds co ...

in the west, the

Khanate of Sibir The Khanate of Sibir (also Khanate of Turan, sty, Себер ханлыгы) was a Tatar Khanate located in southwestern Siberia with a Turco-Mongol ruling class. Throughout its history, members of the Shaybanid and Taibugid dynasties often con ...

in the north,

Moghulistan Moghulistan (from fa, , ''Moghulestân'', mn, Моголистан), also called the Moghul Khanate or the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (), was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Ten ...

in the east and the Khanate of Bukhara in the south. Haqnazar Khan began to liberate the occupied Kazakh lands. He returned the northern regions of Sary-Arka to the Kazakh Khanate. Having begun a campaign against the Nogai Horde, Haqnazar reconquered Saray-Juk from the Nogai Horde and the surrounding Kazakh territories as well. In the fight against the Khivans, the Kazakhs conquered the Mangyshlak peninsula and successfully repelled the Oirats. Haqnazar began a campaign against

with the aim of finally re-incorporating Jetysu into the Kazakh Khanate. The campaign ended successfully and resulted in defeat for Moghulistan. However, in the north, there was a threat from the Khanate of Sibir, led by

Kuchum Khan Kuchum Khan (Siberian Tatar ''Köçöm'', Russian: ''Кучум''; died c. 1601) was the last Khan of Siberia who ruled from 1563 to 1598. Kuchum Khan's attempt to spread Islam and his cross-border raids met with vigorous opposition from the Ru ...

. After successfully defeating Kuchum, Haqnazar reunited the Kazakh tribes and became the sole ruler of the Kazakh Khanate, the first to do so since

Tahir Khan Mohammad Tahir Khan (born 9 January 1981, Karachi, Sindh) is a Pakistani first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one o ...

. In doing so, Haqnazar was bestowed with the title "''Shah-i-Turan''" (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

for "King of

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical re ...

"), a title once held by one of his predecessors Ahmed Khan. Haqnazar became only the second khan to hold this title. In 1568, the Kazakhs successfully defeated the

at the

Emba River The Emba ( kk, Ембі ''Embı'' or ''Jem'', russian: Эмба) in west Kazakhstan rises in the Mugodzhar Hills and flows into the Caspian Sea. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .

and reached

Astrakhan Astrakhan ( rus, Астрахань, p=ˈastrəxənʲ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the ...

, but were repelled by

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

forces.

References

{{Reflist

Sources

History of Kazakhstan to 1700
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Kazakh khans 1509 births 1580 deaths

See also

References

Sources