''Haplorchis taichui'' is a species of intestinal fluke in the family

Heterophyidae Heterophyidae is a family of intestinal trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral sucker not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines. Pharynx presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suc ...

. It is a

human parasite Human parasites include various protozoa and worms. Human parasites are divided into endoparasites, which cause infection inside the body, and ectoparasites, which cause infection superficially within the skin. The cysts and eggs of endoparasi ...

Distribution

This species occurs in: Taiwan, the Philippines, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and South China.

Life cycle

The first intermediate hosts of ''Heterophyes nocens'' include freshwater snails '' Melania obliquegranosa'', '' Stenomelania juncea'', and ''

Melanoides tuberculata The red-rimmed melania (''Melanoides tuberculata''), also known as Malayan livebearing snails or Malayan/Malaysian trumpet snails (often abbreviated to MTS) by aquarists, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, a parthenogenetic, a ...

''. The second intermediate host include freshwater fish: '' Cyclocheilichthys repasson'',

goldfish The goldfish (''Carassius auratus'') is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have ...

''Carassius auratus'', ''

Cyprinus carpio The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

'', ''

Gambusia affinis The western Mosquitofish (''Gambusia affinis'') is a North American freshwater fish, also known commonly, if ambiguously, as simply Mosquitofish or by its genus, generic name, ''Gambusia'', or by the common name gambezi. Its sister species, th ...

'', ''

Hampala dispar ''Hampala dispar'', also known as the Eye-spot barb or the Spotted hampala barbis a southeast Asian species of cyprinid, endemic to the basin of the Mekong. It is found in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Anatomy and appearance Hampala dispar has ...

'', ''

Labiobarbus leptocheilus ''Labiobarbus leptocheilus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Labiobarbus ''Labiobarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. It currently contains nine described species. Species A total of 9 species have been ...

'', ''

Puntius binotatus ''Barbodes binotatus'', commonly known as the spotted barb or common barb, is a tropical species of cyprinid fish endemic to Java, Indonesia. Description Its color in life varies from a silvery gray to greenish gray, darker dorsally and paler o ...

'', ''

Puntius brevis ''Puntius brevis'', sometimes known as the swamp barb (although ''Puntius chola'' is also known by that name), is a species of ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. Th ...

'', '' Puntius gonionotus'', Javean barb, '' Barbodes palata'', ''

Pseudorasbora parva The stone moroko (''Pseudorasbora parva''), also known as the topmouth gudgeon, is a fish belonging to the Cyprinid family, native to Asia, but introduced and now considered an invasive species in Europe and North America. The fish's size is rare ...

'', ''

Rhodeus ocellatus The rosy bitterling or Tairiku baratanago (''Rhodeus ocellatus'') is a small freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae (carp), native to East Asia from the Amur River basin to the Pearl River (China), Pearl River basin. Females are abou ...

'', '' Zacco platypus'', ''

Raiamas guttatus The Burmese trout (''Raiamas guttatus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Raiamas''. They are found in the Irrawaddy, Mekong, Chao Phraya, Salween River basins and also in the northern Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula (M ...

'', '' Mystacoleucus marginatus'', and

Siamese mud carp The Siamese mud carp (''Henicorhynchus siamensis'') is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish, a variety of Asian carp native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers in Southeast Asia, especially in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. It is very common ...

''Henicorhynchus siamensis''. Natural definitive hosts are fish-eating animals: dogs, cats, birds, and humans.

Effects on human health

Symptoms

Diagnosis and treatment

Oxyresveratrol Oxyresveratrol is a stilbenoid. It is found in the heartwood of ''Artocarpus lakoocha'' and in the traditional drug 'Puag-Haad' made from it. It is also the aglycone of mulberroside A, a compound found in ''Morus alba ''Morus alba'', known as w ...

, a stilbenoid found in extracts of ''

Artocarpus lakoocha ''Artocarpus lacucha'', also known as monkey jack or monkey fruit, is a tropical evergreen tree species of the family Moraceae. It is distributed throughout the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The tree is valued for its wood; its fruit ...

'' is effective against ''Haplorchis taichui''.

References

External links

* Heterophyidae Animals described in 1924 {{Trematoda-stub