Haplogroup Z (mtDNA)

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of haplogroup CZ.

Distribution

The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest frequency appears in some peoples of Russia, such as Evens from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total) and from Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic (3/15 Z1a3, 1/15 Z1a2a, 4/15 = 26.7% Z total), and among the Saami people of northern Scandinavia. With the exception of three Khakasses who belong to Z4, two Yakut who belong to Z3a1, two Yakut, a Yakutian Evenk, a Buryat, and an Altai Kizhi who belong to Z3(xZ3a, Z3c),Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, ''et al.'', "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127 and the presence of the Z3c clade among populations of Altai Republic, nearly all members of haplogroup Z in North Asia and Europe belong to subclades of Z1. The TMRCA of Z1 is 20,400 5% CI 7,400 <-> 34,000ybp according to Sukernik ''et al.'' 2012, 20,400 5% CI 7,800 <-> 33,800ybp according to Fedorova ''et al.'' 2013, or 19,600 5% CI 12,500 <-> 29,300ybp according to YFull. Among the members (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z7) of haplogroup Z, Nepalese populations were characterized by rare clades Z3a1a and Z7, of which Z3a1a was the most frequent sub-clade in Newar, with a frequency of 16.5%. Z3, found in East Asia, North Asia, and MSEA, is the oldest member of haplogroup Z with an estimated age of ~ 25.4 Kya. Haplogroup Z3a1a is also detected in other Nepalese populations, such as Magar (5.4%), Tharu, Kathmandu (mixed population) and Nepali-other (mixed population from Kathmandu and Eastern Nepal). S6). Z3a1a1 detected in Tibet, Myanmar, Nepal, India, Thai-Laos and Vietnam trace their ancestral roots to China with a coalescent age of ~ 8.4 Kya

Fedorova ''et al.'' 2013 have reported finding Z*(xZ1a, Z3, Z4) in 1/388 Turks and 1/491 Kazakhs. These individuals should belong to Z1* (elsewhere observed in a Tofalar), Z2 (observed in Japanese), Z7 (observed in the Himalaya), Z5 (observed in Japanese), or basal Z* (observed in a Blang individual in Northern Thailand).

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Z subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research.

*CZ
**Z
***Z* – Thailand ( Blang in Chiang Rai Province)Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Daoroong Kangwanpong, Silvia Ghirotto, Andrea Brunelli, and Mark Stoneking, "Complete mitochondrial genomes of Thai and Lao populations indicate an ancient origin of Austroasiatic groups and demic diffusion in the spread of Tai–Kadai languages." ''Hum Genet'' 2016 DOI 10.1007/s00439-016-1742-y.
***Z5 – Japan (Aichi)
***Z-T152C! (TMRCA 24,300 5% CI 19,300 <-> 30,300ybp)
****Z-T152C!* – Hong Kong
****Z1 (TMRCA 18,600 5% CI 10,900 <-> 29,500ybp)
*****Z1a – Koryak, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khakas, Shor, Altai Kizhi, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Turk, Arab (Uzbekistan) (TMRCA 7,600 5% CI 5,100 <-> 10,900ybp)
******Z1a1 – Italy, Hungary (ancient Avar), Germany, Sweden, Kazakh, Uyghur, Buryat (TMRCA 5,600 5% CI 2,500 <-> 10,900ybp)
*******Z1a1a – Khakas, Nogai, Udmurt, Russia (Krasnodar Krai, etc.), Abazin, Cherkessian, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Ukrainian
********Z1a1a* – Norway (Vest-Agder, Aust-Agder), Finland, Sami (Västerbotten, Norrbotten), Komi, Russia ( Chelyabinsk Oblast), Ket (lower Yenisey River basin)
********Z1a1a1 – Russia ( Chelyabinsk Oblast)
********Z1a1a2 – Udmurt
********Z1a1a3 – Russia ( Chelyabinsk Oblast, Novgorod OblastMalyarchuk,B., Litvinov,A., Derenko,M., Skonieczna,K., Grzybowski,T., Grosheva,A., Shneider,Y., Rychkov,S. and Zhukova,O., "Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles." ''Forensic Sci Int Genet'' 30, 51-56 (2017).), Poland
********Z1a1a4 – Finland (Eastern Finland Province), Estonia (Rapla County)
*******Z1a1b – Evenk (Sakha Republic), Dolgan
********Z1a1b* – Nganasan (Taimyr Peninsula), Yukaghir (lower Indigirka River basin), Even ( Sakkyryyr,Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, ''et al.'' (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570 Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic), Evenk (Iengra River basin, Nyukzha river basin)
********Z1a1b1
*********Z1a1b1* – Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)
*********Z1a1b1a – Uyghur
******Z1a2 (TMRCA 5,400 5% CI 2,400 <-> 10,400ybp)
*******Z1a2* – Ulchi (lower Amur River basin)
*******Z1a2a – Itelmen, Koryak
********Z1a2a* – Even (Kamchatka), Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin)
********Z1a2a1
*********Z1a2a1* – Even (Kamchatka, Berezovka)
*********Z1a2a1a – Even (Kamchatka), Evenk (village of Nelkan by the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region)
******Z1a3 (TMRCA 3,600 5% CI 1,850 <-> 6,500ybp)
*******Z1a3* – Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin), Even ( Tompo District, Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic), Evenk (Nyukzha River basin), Yakut (central Yakutia)
*******Z1a3a
********Z1a3a* – Even (Kamchatka)
********Z1a3a1 – Yukaghir (lower Kolyma River basin), Even ( Berezovka)
*******Z1a3b – Even ( Berezovka), Yakut
******Z1a4 (TMRCA 5,500 5% CI 3,200 <-> 9,000ybp)
*******Z1a4* – Uyghur, Tubalar,Rem I. Sukernik, Natalia V. Volodko, Ilya O. Mazunin, Nikolai P. Eltsov, Stanislav V. Dryomov, and Elena B. Starikovskaya, "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 148:123–138 (2012). DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22050 Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)
*******Z1a4a – UyghurYFull MTree 1.01.5396 as of April 4, 2019.
*****Z1b – TofalarElena B. Starikovskaya, Rem I. Sukernik, Olga A. Derbeneva, Natalia V. Volodko, Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini, Antonio Torroni, Michael D. Brown, Marie T. Lott, Seyed H. Hosseini, Kirsi Huoponen, and Douglas C. Wallace, "Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Indigenous Populations of the Southern Extent of Siberia, and the Origins of Native American Haplogroups." ''Annals of Human Genetics'' (2005) 69, 67–89. doi: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00127.x
****Z2 – Japan (Tokyo, Aichi, ''etc.'') (TMRCA 3,900 5% CI 1,450 <-> 8,400ybp)
****Z3 – Japan (Tokyo), South Korea, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand ( Lao Isan in Chaiyaphum Province), Vietnam, Uyghur, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Buryat, Altai Kizhi, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Tajik, Azerbaijan, North Ossetian, Romania, USA (TMRCA 21,000 5% CI 17,200 <-> 25,300ybp)
*****Z3a – China ( Xibo, Deng, etc.), Kazakh (TMRCA 12,900 5% CI 9,000 <-> 18,000ybp)
******Z3a1
*******Z3a1a
********Z3a1a - Nepal (Newar, Magar, Tharu, Eastern Nepal, Kathmandu)
********Z3a1a* – Lachungpa, Lepcha
********Z3a1a1 – China
********Z3a1a2 – Gallong, Dirang Monpa,Chandrasekar A, Kumar S, Sreenath J, Sarkar BN, Urade BP, ''et al.'' (2009), "Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor. ''PLoS ONE'' 4(10): e7447. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007447 Thailand ( Khon Mueang in Mae Hong Son Province), Vietnam ( Hà Nhì)
*******Z3a1b – Yakut
******Z3a2 – Lachungpa
*******Z3a2a – Lachungpa
******Z3a3 – Thailand ( Palaung in Chiang Mai Province, Lawa in Mae Hong Son Province)
*****Z3b – Deng, Gallong (TMRCA 8,400 5% CI 2,300 <-> 21,500ybp)
*****Z-G709A – Yakut, China (Han from Beijing)
******Z3c – Altaian, Altai Kizhi, Iran, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan),Min-Sheng Peng, Weifang Xu, Jiao-Jiao Song, ''et al.'' (2017), "Mitochondrial genomes uncover the maternal history of the Pamir populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-017-0028-8 Japan (Tokyo), Vietnam
******Z3d – China (Han from Beijing, ''etc.''), Taiwan (Minnan, ''etc.''), Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Korea
*****Z3e – China, Korea
******Z3e1 - China
*****Z3f – China, She people (China), Korea, Hazara
*****Z3g - Uyghur (China), Hazara (Pakistan)
****Z4 – China (Suzhou, ''etc.''), Thailand ( Phuan in Suphan Buri Province), Philippines, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kalmyk, Khakas, Karanogai (TMRCA 14,900 5% CI 9,200 <-> 22,800ybp)
*****Z4a – China (Han from Hunan and Denver, ''etc.''), Uyghur, Daur, Japan (Tokyo)
******Z4a1 – China (Han from Wuhan)
*******Z4a1a – China (Han from Hunan and Yunnan), Vietnam
********Z4a1a1 – Japan (Tokyo, ''etc.''), South Korea
****Z7 – Dirang Monpa, Tibet ( Tingri, Shannan) (TMRCA 1,750 5% CI 275 <-> 6,200ybp), Nepal (Newar)
****Z8* – Nepal (Newar)

See also

*Genealogical DNA test
* Genetic genealogy
*Human mitochondrial genetics
*Population genetics
*Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups

{{MtDNA

References

External links

*General
**Ian Logan'
Mitochondrial DNA Site
**Mannis van Oven'
Phylotree
*Haplogroup Z


from '' National Geographic''

Z
mtDNA