R-L151, also known as R-L11 and R1b1a2a1a, is a
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup; a
subclade of the broader haplogroup
R1b
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), previously known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
It is the most frequently occurring paternal lineage in Western Europe, as well as some parts of Russia (e.g. the Bashkirs) and pockets of Central A ...
(R-M343). It is most often found in males from
Western Europe – especially
Western France,
Northern Spain,
Great Britain, and
Ireland.
Origin
This haplogroup is related to the period of
Corded Ware or
Beaker culture, and possibly founded 3,000 years before our era in the Central part of Europe (possible
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
region).
R-L151 is the most populous branch of
R-M269, and is found in abundance along the
Atlantic coasts of western Europe, especially
Aquitaine,
Asturias,
Basques
The Basques ( or ; eu, euskaldunak ; es, vascos ; french: basques ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Bas ...
,
Belgium,
Brittany,
Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** Gallaecia, a Roman province
** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval King ...
,
England, Ireland (as a whole), the
Loire region, the isle of
Man,
Northern Portugal,
Northern Spain,
Scotland, and
Wales. It is also found at significant levels in
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
and
Northern Italy
Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...
. R-L151 is found at lower frequencies in
Poland and
Ukraine, as well as many other European countries.
Since the
early modern era, males emigrating from Europe have introduced significant levels of R-L151 to
The Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America, North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. ...
and
Australasia.
This human haplogroup has two subclades, the south-western branch, P312/S116, and the north-eastern branch, R1b-S21-U106.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:R1b-L11, Haplogroup
R1b-L11
Genetic history of Europe
Human population genetics
Indo-European genetics
R