Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in north-east

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

Distribution

Q-M120 has descendants in modern populations across eastern Eurasia.

The Americas

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120. Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing; if it is not a result of post-colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas. The branch of Q-M120 including this sample has a calculated TMRCA of 5,000 to 7,000 years, meaning that it may be the result of a later pre-Columbian immigration from North or East Asia.

Asia

Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...

. It has been found at low frequency in samples of

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...

Dungans Dungan, Xiao'erjing: ; zh, s=东干族, t=東干族, p=Dōnggān zú, w=Tung1kan1-tsu2, , Xiao'erjing: ; russian: Дунгане, ''Dungane''; ky, Дуңгандар, ''Duñgandar'', دۇنغاندار; kk, Дүңгендер, ''Düñgende ...

, Hmong Daw in Laos,Cai X, Qin Z, Wen B, Xu S, Wang Y, ''et al.'' (2011), "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." ''PLoS ONE'' 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

, Dörwöd

Kalmyks The Kalmyks ( Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, ''Xaľmgud'', Mongolian: Халимагууд, ''Halimaguud''; russian: Калмыки, translit=Kalmyki, archaically anglicised as ''Calmucks'') are a Mongolic ethnic group living mainly in Russia, w ...

,Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." ''Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108

Koreans Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply refe ...

Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...

,Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, ''et al.'' (2013), "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, ''et al.'' (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748

Tibetans The Tibetan people (; ) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet. Their current population is estimated to be around 6.7 million. In addition to the majority living in Tibet Autonomous Region of China, significant numbers of Tibetans liv ...

,Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772

Uygurs The Uyghurs; ; ; ; zh, s=, t=, p=Wéiwú'ěr, IPA: ( ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghu ...

, and

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...

.YFull Haplogroup YTree
v6.03.05 at 20 July 2018. Accessed July 20, 2018.G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, ''et al.'' (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." ''Nature Genetics'' 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. It also has been found among Bhutanese,Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, ''et al.'', "The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades." ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' Advance Access publication December 2, 2014. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327

Murut people The Murut are an indigenous ethnic group, comprising 29 sub-ethnic groups inhabiting the northern inland regions of Borneo. The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages. The Murut can be found mainl ...

Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely sur ...

,Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, ''et al.'' (2015), "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." ''Genome Research'' 25:1–8. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org. and

Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis (; az, Azərbaycanlılar, ), Azeris ( az, Azərilər, ), or Azerbaijani Turks ( az, Azərbaycan Türkləri, ) are a Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are the second-most numer ...

. Sengupta ''et al.'' (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani

Hazaras The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scatt ...

, but the

Bayesian tree Bayesian inference of phylogeny combines the information in the prior and in the data likelihood to create the so-called posterior probability of trees, which is the probability that the tree is correct given the data, the prior and the likelihood ...

in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold ''et al.'' (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP

Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...

sample should belong to Q-M120 instead.Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2014, 5:13. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/13 Di Cristofaro ''et al.'' (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73.

Europe

To date, Q-M120 has not been detected in European populations.

Associated SNPs

Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center'
Draft Tree
for haplogroup Q-M120. * Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528 ** Q-M120 M120, N14/M265

References

External links

The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup Q-M120 (Y-Dna) Q-M120