Haplogroup K2b1, known sometimes as haplogroup MS, is a human
Y-DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of sh ...
, defined by
SNPs P397 and P399. It has a complex, diverse and not-yet fully understood internal structure; its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups
Haplogroup M (P256) and
Haplogroup S (M230).
It is not clear at present whether the basal
paragroup K2b1* is carried by any living males. Individuals carrying
subclades of K2b1 are found primarily among
Papuan people
The indigenous peoples of West Papua in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Arc ...
s,
Micronesian peoples,
indigenous Australians, and
Polynesians
Polynesians form an ethnolinguistic group of closely related people who are native to Polynesia (islands in the Polynesian Triangle), an expansive region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. They trace their early prehistoric origins to Island Sou ...
. It is also carried by
Negrito and
Melanesian minorities in
The Philippines as well as
Indonesia.
Structure
K2b1 is a direct descendant of
K2b – known previously as Haplogroup MPS.
Its only primary branches are the major haplogroups
S (B254), also known as K2b1a (and previously known as Haplogroup S1 or K2b1a4) and
M (P256), also known as K2b1b (previously K2b1d).
Distribution
K2b1 is strongly associated with the indigenous peoples of
Melanesia (especially the island of
New Guinea) and
Micronesia, and to a lesser extent
Polynesia, where it is generally found only among 5–10% of males. It is found in 83% of males in
Papua New Guinea, and up to 60% in the
Aeta of the
Philippines.
[Karafet 2014] The vast majority of living males carrying K2b1 are members of downstream subclades within the major haplogroups
M (also known as K2b1b) and
S (K2b1a).
Studies of
indigenous Australian Y-DNA published in 2014 and 2015, suggest that, before contact with Europeans, about 29% of Australian Aboriginal or
Torres Strait Islander males belonged to downstream subclades of K2b1. That is, up to 27% indigenous Australian males carry haplogroup S1a1a1 (S-P308; previously known as K2b1a1 or K-P308),
and one study found that approximately 2.0% – i.e. 0.9% (11 individuals) of the sample in a study in which 45% of the total was deemed to be non-indigenous – belonged to haplogroup M1 (M-M4; also known as M-M186 and known previously as haplogroup K2b1d1). All of these males carrying M1 were
Torres Strait Islanders.
[Nagle, N. et al., 2015, "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes", ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' (epub ahead of print version]
abstract
. (The other Y-DNA haplogroups found were: basal K2*
-M526 C1b2b
347; previously Haplogroup C4 and basal C*
130 130 may refer to:
*130 (number)
*AD 130
Year 130 ( CXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Catullinus and Aper (or, l ...
)
References
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{{Y-DNA
Human genes
K2b1