Johannes (Hans) Gottfried Hallier (6 July 1868 – 10 March 1932) was a German botanist born in

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

. He studied botany and

zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and ...

at the

University of Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (german: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The un ...

under Christian Ernst Stahl (1848–1919) and Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), and continued his studies at the

University of Munich The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich or LMU; german: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Germany. It is Germany's sixth-oldest university in continuous operatio ...

under Ludwig Radlkofer (1829–1927) and

Richard Hertwig Richard Wilhelm Karl Theodor Ritter von Hertwig (23 September 1850 in Friedberg, Hesse – 3 October 1937 in Schlederloh, Bavaria), also Richard Hertwig or Richard von Hertwig, was a German zoologist and professor of 50 years, notable as the fir ...

(1850–1937). From 1893 until 1897, he was based at the

Buitenzorg Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Botanical Garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

. In 1894, Hallier became the second European to climb

Mount Kelam Mount Kelam ( id, Gunung Kelam) is an exposed granitic dome in West Kalimantan, Borneo, with an elevation of 1,002 m. In 1894, German botanist Johannes Gottfried Hallier became the second European to climb Mount Kelam, after a certain Dr. G� ...

(after a certain Dr. Gürtler) and the first to collect specimens of the

pitcher plant Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid. The traps of what are considered to be "true" pitcher p ...

Nepenthes clipeata ''Nepenthes clipeata'' (; from Latin ''clipeus'' "round shield", referring to the leaf shape), or the shield-leaved pitcher-plant,Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. i ...

''.McPherson SR (2009). ''

Pitcher Plants of the Old World ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World'' is a two-volume monograph by Stewart McPherson on the pitcher plants of the genera '' Nepenthes'' and ''Cephalotus''. It was published in May 2009 by Redfern Natural History Productions and covers all species ...

''. 2 volumes. Poole: Redfern Natural History Productions. He ascended the summit 5 times in January and February of that year. After his return to Germany, he served as an assistant in the Botanical Institute at the University of Munich. Beginning in 1898 Hallier worked at the Botanical Museum in

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

. From 1903 to 1904 he took part in a scientific expedition to

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, Ceylon and

Maritime Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. Maritime Southeast Asia is sometimes also referred to as Island Southeast Asia, Insular Southeast Asia or Oceanic Sout ...

. From 1908 to 1922, Hallier was a

curator A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...

at the Rijksherbarium in

Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration wi ...

. He died on 10 March 1932 in

Oegstgeest Oegstgeest () is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. Its population was in . Etymology The portion ''geest'' in the name refers to the geest lands, which were excavated in the seventeenth cen ...

, Netherlands. He is credited for introducing a

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

classification of flowering plants that became known as the "Hallier system". He published several works on the botany of the Dutch East Indies (now

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

), including treatises on the flora of

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and ea ...

. Hallier is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of lizard, '' Tytthoscincus hallieri''.

Selected writings

*''Indonesische Acanthaceen'', 1897 -

Acanthaceae Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...

native to Indonesia. (in German). *''Die indonesischen Aeschynanthusarten des Herbariums zu Buitenzorg'', 1897 - Indonesian Aeschynanthus types from the Buitenzorg herbaria. (in German). *''Zur Convolvulaceenflora Amerika's'', 1899 - American

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spe ...

. (in German). *''Neue Vorschläge zur botanischen Nomenklatur'', 1905 - New proposal involving botanical nomenclature. (in German).Google Books
(publications)

References

Bibliography

* * * (in French). *Hallier H (1893). "''Versuch einer natürlichen Gleiderung der Convolvulaceen auf morphologischer und anatomischer Grundlage''". ''Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzgeographie'' 16: 453–591. (in German). *

Source

Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

External links

IPNI
List of plants described & co-described by Hallier. {{DEFAULTSORT:Hallier, Johannes Gottfried 1868 births 1932 deaths Scientists from Jena People from Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 19th-century German botanists 20th-century German botanists