Hanno the Great may refer to any of three different leaders of

ancient Carthage Carthage () was a settlement in modern Tunisia that later became a city-state and then an empire. Founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth century BC, Carthage reached its height in the fourth century BC as one of the largest metropolises in t ...

: *

Hanno I the Great Hanno I the Great ( xpu, 𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬, ) was a Carthaginian politician and military leader of the 4th century BC. The Roman historian Justin calls him ''princeps Carthaginiensium'', prince of the Carthaginians. The title almost certain ...

(4th century BC) *

Hanno II the Great Hanno II the Great ( xpu, 𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬, ) was a wealthy Carthaginian aristocrat in the 3rd century BC. Hanno's wealth was based on the land he owned in Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, and during the First Punic War he led the ...

(3rd century BC) *

Hanno III the Great Hanno III the Great ( xpu, 𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬, ') was a conservative politician at Carthage during the 2nd century BC. He is known only through the historian Appian.Hoyos, ''Carthaginians'', 213–14. At the outbreak of the Third Punic Wa ...

(2nd century BC) According to B. H. Warmington, the nickname was probably a family name or a term not well understood by the ancient Greek or Roman writers.B. H. Warmington, ''Carthage'' (Robert Hale 1960; Penguin 1964) at 119 hree with nickname at 282 ndex at 115-123 anno the Great, "I" at 86, 195-197, 201-206, 209 anno the Great, "II"

Gilbert Charles-Picard Gilbert Picard, called Gilbert Charles-Picard, (15 October 1913 – 21 December 1998) was a 20th-century French historian and archaeologist, a specialist of North Africa during Antiquity. The son of Hellenist Charles Picard (1883–1965), h ...

and

Colette Picard Colette Picard (''née'' Durand) (1913 – 11 October 1999, Versailles) was a French Archaeology, archaeologist and historian. As curator of the archaeological site of Carthage, she led excavations on the hill of Byrsa in 1947. Married to histor ...

assign the men Roman numerals to distinguish them: Hanno I the Great, Hanno II the Great and Hanno III the Great.Gilbert Charles Picard and Colette Picard, ''Vie et mort de Carthage'' (Paris: Hachett); translated as ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (New York: Taplinger 1968), at 358 ndex at 8, 129, 131-141 anno I at 198-199, 205, 210

anno II Anno II ( – 4 December 1075) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1056 until his death. From 1063 to 1065 he acted as regent of the Holy Roman Empire for the minor Emperor Henry IV. Anno is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. Life He was b ...

at 264, 286 anno III Warmington does not use Roman numerals, nor does Dexter Hoyos.Dexter Hoyos, ''The Carthaginians'' (Routledge, 2010), pp. 135–36. The nicknames for these three Hannos come from different primary sources. Hanno I is called ''magnus'' (

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

for "great") in the table of contents of

Trogus Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus also anglicized as was a Gallo-Roman historian from the Celtic Vocontii tribe in Narbonese Gaul who lived during the reign of the emperor Augustus. He was nearly contemporary with Livy. Life Pompeius Trogus's grandfath ...

' history. Hanno II and Hanno III are called ''megas'' in

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

in the histories of

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadr ...

and

Zonaras Joannes or John Zonaras ( grc-gre, Ἰωάννης Ζωναρᾶς ; 1070 – 1140) was a Byzantine Greek historian, chronicler and theologian who lived in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). Under Emperor Alexios I Komnenos he held th ...

. Sometimes it taken to be a translation of the

Punic The Punic people, or western Phoenicians, were a Semitic people in the Western Mediterranean who migrated from Tyre, Phoenicia to North Africa during the Early Iron Age. In modern scholarship, the term ''Punic'' – the Latin equivalent of the ...

title ''rab'', meaning "chief", but this is unlikely. It does not appear in any other Greek or Latin source and may indicate the utilization of a Punic genealogical source and, hence, its status as a family name.

References

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