Hangu District (), is a former

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

in eastern

Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popul ...

, China; now part of

Binhai New Area Binhai, officially known as Binhai New Area (), is a sub-provincial division, sub-provincial district (China), district and new areas, state-level new area within the jurisdiction of Tianjin Direct-administered municipalities of China, Munici ...

. It serves as a gateway towards

Liaoning Liaoning () is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost ...

Jilin Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Prim ...

and

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...

provinces A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outsi ...

Geography

Hangu District is 50 kilometers away from

Tangshan Tangshan () is a coastal, industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. It is located in the eastern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of the North China Plain. It is located in the central area of the Boha ...

Hebei Province Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, an ...

to the east, away from downtown in the west, away from Tianjin New Port and TEDA and away from

Dagang District The area that was formerly known as Dagang District (; literally as "The Big Port") lies at the southeast of Tianjin municipality area. It had a population of 440,000 and occupied in size, with a coast line stretching approximately on the easte ...

, notable for its

petroleum Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crud ...

production.

Bohai Bay Bohai Bay () is one of the three major bays of the Bohai Sea, the northwestern and innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. It is bounded by the coastlines of eastern Hebei province (Tangshan and Cangzhou), Tianjin municipality and northern Shando ...

is located to the south and connects with

Ninghe County Ninghe District (), formerly Ninghe County, is a district of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China, located in the rural northeast part of the municipality. Administrative divisions There are 11 towns and 3 townships A townsh ...

in the north. The Jiyun River divides the north and south of the district for a length of and covers a watershed of . It covers an area of , including of city zones. Its current bottomland is , while the surface area is . The river vents 720 million m³ of water to the sea annually. The district has two reservoirs, the capacity of

Yingcheng Yingcheng () is a county-level city of about 600,000 inhabitants in Xiaogan, eastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China. History On December 26, 2019, a minor earthquake struck the area. Township-level divisions Five subdistricts: * Chen ...

reservoir is 30 million m³, while that of Gaozhuang reservoir is 4.5 million m³.

Economy

Hangu has a dualistic economic structure of a large city and small country. The northwest of the district is the

agricultural Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...

area, while its southeast is the industrial area as well as ocean fishery area. The city zone is centrally located, on both sides of Jiyun River.

Industry

Hangu District has a stable foundation in its industries. Much of the districts industry is based in the

Binhai Binhai, officially known as Binhai New Area (), is a sub-provincial district and state-level new area within the jurisdiction of Tianjin Municipality in the People's Republic of China. Binhai is intended to replicate development seen in She ...

area. Marine chemical production forms the largest part of the areas industry, followed by other synthetic production industries. Its industrial output amounts to 80% of the national income. There are 13 kinds of primary industries like salt, chemical, textile, clothing, mechanism, metallurgy processing, paper making, home appliances, furniture, electronics, architectural materials, foods and shoemaking. The Changlu Hangu saltfield is one of the four saltfields of the famous Changlu salt area, which has a strong capacity in crude salt production. It also produces a series of high-quality products in the fields of fine salt and chemical, most of which are exported. Agriculture and fisheries make up the rest of Hangu's economy. Rice, fruits, aquatic products are the prominent features of the agricultural products in Hangu. The area's grapes contain high amounts of sugar and are used for wine production.

Marine Industry

The district boasts plentiful marine chemical resources. The area's coast line spans 32 kilometers, contains 27 species of seawater and freshwater fish and its history of salt processing dates back over 1000 years. Hangu's salt ponds cover an area of , about three times the size of the plantation area in the whole district. Its 'Changlu salt' is world-renowned and is white in color and large in size. It has owned the reputation of "Jade in Lutai" from the old. As the average content of

sodium chloride Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g ...

is 96.8%, it is a perfect raw material for use in marine chemicals.

Power supply

Much of the areas electric power is generated from

Solar energy Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating), and solar architecture. It is an essenti ...

, while there is also widespread use of oil resources and geothermal power, which has been heavily exploited. Other methods of power supply are being considered for future development, such as

wave power Wave power is the capture of energy of wind waves to do useful work – for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or pumping water. A machine that exploits wave power is a wave energy converter (WEC). Waves are generated by wind p ...

and

wind power Wind power or wind energy is mostly the use of wind turbines to electricity generation, generate electricity. Wind power is a popular, sustainable energy, sustainable, renewable energy source that has a much smaller Environmental impact of wi ...

Land usage

There are two parts of uncultivated land in Hangu, the total area of which is . One is in the southeast part containing the

Jiyun The ''Jiyun'' (''Chi-yun''; ) is a Chinese rime dictionary published in 1037 during the Song Dynasty. The chief editor Ding Du (丁度) and others expanded and revised the '' Guangyun''. It is possible, according to Teng and Biggerstaff (1971:147) ...

river and is near the coast to the east and has the

Tanggu Tanggu District () was a district in the Tianjin municipality, now part of the Binhai New Area. It is on the Hai River where it enters the Bohai Sea, and is a port for Tianjin, which is about upriver. The Tianjin Economic-Technological Develo ...

highway and

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

Shanhaiguan Shanhai Pass or Shanhaiguan () is one of the major passes in the Great Wall of China, being the easternmost stronghold along the Ming Great Wall, and commands the narrowest choke point in the Liaoxi Corridor. It is located in Shanhaiguan Di ...

railway. Meanwhile, this land has

reservoir and processing establishments for industrial sewage in the south and public city infrastructures in the north. The northeastern part of Hangu is also undeveloped with Hannan railway running through it.

Transport

The area is linked to the Jingshan and Beijing-Shanhaiguan railways. The Hannan line also leads to the Nanbao saltfield in

and the regional industrial shuttle line have been established in Hangu. Four railway stations serve the district with an annual output exceeding 5 million tons. Hangu is well connected to China's road network with 7 routes leading towards the area, including the Lu-Han, Tang-Han, Jin-Han, Han-Yu, Hannan, Hanbei and Lutang roads which connect Hangu with TEDA, Tianjin New Port,

and northeast China.

External links

Hangu District government website
{{authority control Districts of Tianjin 1961 establishments in China 2009 disestablishments in China