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Hall Caine Airport, also referred to as Close Lake Airfield, was an airfield on the
Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg , mapsize = , map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe , map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green) in Europe ...
located near the town of
Ramsey Ramsey may refer to: Geography British Isles * Ramsey, Cambridgeshire, a small market town in England * Ramsey, Essex, a village near Harwich, England ** Ramsey and Parkeston, a civil parish formerly called just "Ramsey" * Ramsey, Isle of Man, t ...
. It was named after the author Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine CH, KBE by his sons Gordon Hall Caine and
Derwent Hall Caine Sir Derwent Hall Caine, 1st Baronet (12 September 18912 December 1971) was a British actor, publisher and Labour politician. Biography Caine was the son of British novelist Hall Caine and his wife Mary Chandler. He was born at Keswick in Cumb ...
, who initiated the project, and was the first airport in the
British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...
to be named after a person. From 1935 to 1937 it handled domestic scheduled passenger flights to English, Scottish and Irish airports. By 1937 it had fallen into disuse, primarily due to its location.


Close Lake Airfield


Origins

The original site was known as Close Lake Airfield, as it occupied land on Close Lake Farm, which itself was part of the estate of Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine.''The Ramsey Courier.'' Friday 12 April 1935. The location was chosen for its size (about ) and flatness, allowing a take off length of approximately .''The Ramsey Courier.'' Friday, 14 October 1932 A few light aircraft had used the landing field in the early 1930s, mainly for visits to the Isle of Man for the TT Races. The first recorded passenger flight was on Tuesday, 11 October 1932, from Romford Aerodrome via
Stanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool) Stanley Park Aerodrome was an airfield located in the Stanley Park area of Blackpool, Lancashire, England. It was also known as Blackpool Municipal Airport, and was in use for civil and military flying from 1929 until closure of the airfield in ...
, touching down just after 13:00. After a short stay the aircraft departed with two passengers; one bound for
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
and the other bound for
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the North West England, northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the Borough of Blackpool, borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, betw ...
. However the flight was eventful, with strong winds resulting in the pilot being unable to land at Blackpool. Continuing through lowering cloud and freshening winds the Fox Moth eventually landed near
Haddon Hall Haddon Hall is an English country house on the River Wye near Bakewell, Derbyshire, a former seat of the Dukes of Rutland. It is the home of Lord Edward Manners (brother of the incumbent Duke) and his family. In form a medieval manor house, it ...
in
Derbyshire Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands, England. It includes much of the Peak District National Park, the southern end of the Pennine range of hills and part of the National Forest. It borders Greater Manchester to the nor ...
, due to a shortage of fuel. The sporadic use of the airfield continued into 1933. A further documented flight was that of a DH.80A Puss Moth which arrived on 21 January 1933, its passenger visiting the nearby
Glen Auldyn A glen is a valley, typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine, which is deep and bounded by steep slopes. Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower ...
Estate. Another arrival was at the end of April; the aircraft ferried a family to the Isle of Man from
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the North West England, northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the Borough of Blackpool, borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, betw ...
and then took a party of local people including the Ramsey Harbour Master on a pleasure flight around the locality.


Development

By the early summer of 1934 the airfield was being seriously considered as an
aerodrome An aerodrome (Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for publ ...
for the Isle of Man. A two aerodrome concept was favored, with Close Lake serving the north of the island and
Ronaldsway Ronaldsway () is a place in the parish of Malew in the south of the Isle of Man, between the village of Ballasalla and the town of Castletown. Features It is notable as the location of Isle of Man Airport and historically of RNAS Ronaldsway, to ...
serving the south. Close Lake's weather record, superior to Ronaldsway's, was shown in June when eight aircraft landed on the airfield, six of them carrying passengers, because they could not land at Ronaldsway due to fog.Isle of Man Examiner. Friday, 22.06.1934 Three of the aircraft belonged to West Coast Air Services, then engaged in operations from
Ronaldsway Ronaldsway () is a place in the parish of Malew in the south of the Isle of Man, between the village of Ballasalla and the town of Castletown. Features It is notable as the location of Isle of Man Airport and historically of RNAS Ronaldsway, to ...
and operating in connection with the TT Races, whilst the others were operated by Midland & Scottish Air Ferries with one being a private aircraft on charter to the
Daily Mail The ''Daily Mail'' is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news websitePeter Wilb"Paul Dacre of the Daily Mail: The man who hates liberal Britain", ''New Statesman'', 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) publish ...
. During July 1934, a local architect, Joseph Teare, was tasked with surveying the site at Close Lake. His findings were sent to the
Air Ministry The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964. It was under the political authority of the Secretary of State ...
with
Wing Commander Wing commander (Wg Cdr in the RAF, the IAF, and the PAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, formerly sometimes W/C in all services) is a senior commissioned rank in the British Royal Air Force and air forces of many countries which have historical ...
Allen being sent to the airfield in August so as to verify them.
Sir Alan Cobham Sir Alan John Cobham, KBE, AFC (6 May 1894 – 21 October 1973) was an English aviation pioneer. Early life and family As a child he attended Wilson's School, then in Camberwell, London. The school relocated to the former site of Croyd ...
had also favoured the north of the island for an airfield and had identified about six suitable sites between
Ballaugh Ballaugh ( ; , ) is a small village on the Isle of Man in the parish of Ballaugh (parish), the same name, in the sheading of Michael (parish), Michael. It is the only village in the parish. The parish adjoins Jurby to the north, Lezayre to the e ...
and the
Point of Ayre The Point of Ayre ( gv, Kione ny Hayrey)''Place Names of The Isle of Man – Da Ny Manninee Dooie Volume Three. Sheading of Ayre: (Kirk Andreas, Kirk Bride and Kirk Christ Lezayre)'' page 258 ''Kirk Bride'' by George Broderick – Turbingen ...
in an earlier survey. In August 1934,
Derwent Hall Caine Sir Derwent Hall Caine, 1st Baronet (12 September 18912 December 1971) was a British actor, publisher and Labour politician. Biography Caine was the son of British novelist Hall Caine and his wife Mary Chandler. He was born at Keswick in Cumb ...
flew into Close Lake and also undertook a thorough survey of the main landing area as well as the surrounding fields. The findings were favorable, and the
Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man The Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man ( gv, Fo-chiannoort Vannin or ''Lhiass-chiannoort Vannin'') is the Lord of Mann's official personal representative in the Isle of Man. He has the power to grant royal assent and is styled "His Excellen ...
,
Sir Claude Hill Sir Claude Hamilton Archer Hill (1866 – 1934) was Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. Career Educated at St Mark's School in Windsor and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, Hill joined the Indian Civil Service in 1887.
, granted Hall Caine a temporary civil licence for an aerodrome on Close Lake Farm in August 1934. The temporary operating licence was replaced by a permanent licence granted by the Air Ministry in September. In September 1934, some improvements were made at the airfield, including land filling with 400 tons of silt taken from the bed of the Sulby River in addition to the construction of a Nissen-type
hangar A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word ''hangar'' comes from Middle French ''hanghart'' ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish ...
, a petrol pump and the installation of a telephone. Close Lake was seen as a better site for an aerodrome than Ronaldsway,''Ramsey Courier''. Friday, 07.09.1934 and was said to have a better surface. The site had no obstructions for aircraft landing into the prevailing (southwesterly) wind and the land could be easily drained. One shortcoming, however, was Close Lake Airfield's proximity to high ground about to the south. In comparison, the land at Ronaldsway was uneven, and the large folds in the surface needed filling in, but it was closer to the island's capital,
Douglas Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals *Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking *Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil W ...
. Ronaldsway's susceptibility to sea mist and fog had been identified as early as 1934. In late September 1934, a deputation from
Railway Air Services Railway Air Services (RAS) was a British airline formed in March 1934 by the Big Four railway companies (the GWR, LMS, LNER and SR) and Imperial Airways. The airline was a domestic airline operating routes within the United Kingdom linking up ...
visited the Isle of Man. The deputation was joined by the
Tynwald Tynwald ( gv, Tinvaal), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald ( gv, Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal) or Tynwald Court, is the legislature of the Isle of Man. It consists of two chambers, known as the branches of Tynwald: the directly elected House of ...
Aerodrome Committee in order to identify a suitable landing ground. They visited many sites on the island, including Ronaldsway and Close Lake. An air mail service was inaugurated in August 1934 by Railway Air Services but ceased in late September. The main reason cited was an unsuitable landing ground for winter operations; Ronaldsway was deemed not up to the required standard, and whilst Close Lake was deemed suitable with regard to the load bearing of the ground, it was considered too small to handle the size of aircraft used for the contract.


Hall Caine Aerodrome

Both Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine's sons, Gordon Hall Caine and
Derwent Hall Caine Sir Derwent Hall Caine, 1st Baronet (12 September 18912 December 1971) was a British actor, publisher and Labour politician. Biography Caine was the son of British novelist Hall Caine and his wife Mary Chandler. He was born at Keswick in Cumb ...
, were particularly keen on the development of an aerodrome on the site, as they saw it as another memorial to their late father. They also wished to involve the Ramsey town commissioners in the project, as they felt the aerodrome would bring immense benefit to the town. At the time there was talk of linking the aerodrome with another landing ground at The Strang, just outside of Douglas, but this was discounted by Derwent as it would be difficult to convert it into a licensed aerodrome. However, as part of the development at Close Lake Airfield, arrangements for the conveyance of passengers to other parts of the island were undertaken.


Construction

Further work on improving the area began in early April 1935, and Derwent began to oversee some of the work and to make the arrangements needed to start a regular air service to Blackpool. This work included the removal of hedges and fences, the leveling of ground and the addition of extra land to the north and west of the site. This enabled a takeoff run of in any direction and increased the area of the airfield to . Although the work had not been completed, Hall Caine was nonetheless satisfied with the state of the airfield. Although heavy rain had fallen, the surface had stood up to the wheels of a motorcar, which had made no impression on the ground. This was considered a good test for the aerodrome: if the wheels had sunk into the ground then evidently it would have been impossible to operate aircraft of any size. In an interview with the ''Ramsey Courier,'' Derwent said the site was to be known as Hall Caine Manx Airport. This was subsequently changed to the Hall Caine Airport,
Ramsey Ramsey may refer to: Geography British Isles * Ramsey, Cambridgeshire, a small market town in England * Ramsey, Essex, a village near Harwich, England ** Ramsey and Parkeston, a civil parish formerly called just "Ramsey" * Ramsey, Isle of Man, t ...
. With all parties satisfied, Hall Caine Airport officially came into being on 30 April 1935.


Operational life


1935


=United Airways Ltd

= On completion of the expansion, Aircraft Exchange and Mart became the lessees of the aerodrome as scheduled services were about to commence.''The Isle of Man Examiner.'' Friday 2 August 1935. W. Thurgood of United Airways Limited visited Hall Caine Airport in early April and announced a skeleton service between the UK and the Isle of Man was to be introduced immediately, and this, in turn, was to be upgraded to a full scheduled service beginning in May. The occasion was marked by an official ceremony at Stanley Park. Those in attendance included
Sir Philip Sassoon Sir Philip Albert Gustave David Sassoon, 3rd Baronet, (4 December 1888 – 3 June 1939) was a British politician, art collector, and socialite, entertaining many celebrity guests at his homes, Port Lympne Mansion, Kent, and Trent Park, North Lond ...
,
Alderman An alderman is a member of a Municipal government, municipal assembly or council in many Jurisdiction, jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council membe ...
J. Skillicorn (Mayor of Douglas), the Mayor of Carlisle, Sir Kingsley Wood and Derwent Hall Caine.''Isle of Man Examiner''. Friday 26 April 1935.''The Isle of Man Examiner.'' Friday 10 May 1935. Whitehall Securities Ltd, owners of United Airways Ltd and their sister airline
Spartan Air Lines Spartan Air Lines Ltd was a British private airline company, in the period 1933–1935. In 1933, it started operating passenger services from the London area to the Isle of Wight. In late 1935 it merged with United Airways Ltd to form British Airway ...
began to build on their fledgling operation, introducing a schedule from London via Stanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool), Hall Caine and then onwards to Dublin (Collinstown). By mid-May the United Airways service between Hall Caine and Blackpool was operating four times a day and twice daily to Crosby-on-Eden, Carlisle, using
Spartan Cruiser The Spartan Cruiser was a 1930s British three- engined transport monoplane for 6 to 10 passengers built by Spartan Aircraft Limited at East Cowes, Isle of Wight. It was a development of the Saro-Percival Mailplane for passenger use. Design an ...
s. Another service was started by Northern Airways Ltd and operated in conjunction with United Airways. On 17 May 1935, Northern and Scottish Airways commenced a service from
Glasgow (Renfrew) Airport Renfrew Airport was the domestic airport serving the city of Glasgow until it was decommissioned in 1966. It was located in the Newmains area of Renfrew, approximately 2 kilometres east of Abbotsinch Airfield which would eventually replace it. I ...
to Hall Caine, operating Fridays, Saturdays and Mondays, using a
De Havilland Dragon The de Havilland DH.84 Dragon is a successful small commercial aircraft that was designed and built by the de Havilland company. Design and construction Following the commercial success of its single-engined de Havilland Fox Moth that had fir ...
. Initially, the Glasgow service operated three times weekly, but by early July it had peaked at twice daily. The Manx headquarters of the operation were situated at Hall Caine''Isle of Man Examiner.'' Friday 3 May 1935. with
Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
Oscar Garden, a renowned aviator who had made what was described as a ''"sensational"'' flight from
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
to
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
in 1930 appointed by United Airways to supervise the flying operation. William Goudie was engaged as the traffic officer, tasked with overseeing the ground operation. A busy day of operations occurred at the end of May. Hall Caine received its first celebrity passenger,
George Formby George Formby, (born George Hoy Booth; 26 May 1904 – 6 March 1961) was an English actor, singer-songwriter and comedian who became known to a worldwide audience through his films of the 1930s and 1940s. On stage, screen and record he s ...
, who combined his visit with the
Mannin Moar The Mannin Moar was a non-championship Grand Prix held in Douglas, Isle of Man, Great Britain in 1933, 1934 and 1935. The most successful driver was Brian Lewis, having won all three races. Background Rules and restrictions When the R.A.C. ...
as well as the preparation for his film ''No Limit''. In the summer of 1935, United took delivery of an
Armstrong Whitworth Argosy The Armstrong Whitworth Argosy was a three-engine biplane airliner designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. It was the company's first airliner. The Argosy was developed during the early-to-mid 1 ...
from
Imperial Airways Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long-range airline, operating from 1924 to 1939 and principally serving the British Empire routes to South Africa, India, Australia and the Far East, including Malaya and Hong Kong. Passenger ...
. They had used the type on their Middle East routes from the early 1920s. The aircraft was converted to carry 28 passengers for pleasure flights around Blackpool, but it was also a frequent visitor to Hall Caine when traffic demanded. In October a service was inaugurated between London (Heston Aerodrome), Blackpool, Hall Caine and Belfast. Blackpool and West Coast Air Services resumed the air mail service from February to October 1935. From 1 November, United Airways secured the main contract from the Post Office. It was then passed on to their subsidiary Northern and Scottish as a result of a round of
amalgamation Amalgamation is the process of combining or uniting multiple entities into one form. Amalgamation, amalgam, and other derivatives may refer to: Mathematics and science * Amalgam (chemistry), the combination of mercury with another metal **Pan am ...
s which took place at the end of 1935. United Airways Ltd was wholly amalgamated with Spartan Air Lines and
Hillman's Airways Hillman's Airways was a 1930s British airline that later became part of British Airways. The company was formed in November 1931 as Hillman's Saloon Coaches and Airways Limited by Edward Henry Hillman who was a coach operator in Essex. His pre ...
, and the three names were replaced with
British Airways Ltd British Airways Ltd was a British airline company operating in Europe in the period 1935–1939. It was formed in 1935 by the merger of Spartan Air Lines Ltd, United Airways Ltd (no relation to the US carrier United Airlines), and Hillman's A ...
. This company was to join Imperial Airways in 1940 thus forming the
British Overseas Airways Corporation British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was the British state-owned airline created in 1939 by the merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. It continued operating overseas services throughout World War II. After the passi ...
. As the mail service continued, the Post Office insisted that all air mail letters from Douglas and the south of the island were to be handled at
Ronaldsway Ronaldsway () is a place in the parish of Malew in the south of the Isle of Man, between the village of Ballasalla and the town of Castletown. Features It is notable as the location of Isle of Man Airport and historically of RNAS Ronaldsway, to ...
, while the mail from Ramsey and the north was to be collected at Hall Caine. This meant a connecting flight between the two airports.


1936


=British Airways Ltd

= The beginning of 1936 saw heavy rain falling across the
Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg , mapsize = , map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe , map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green) in Europe ...
and the aerodrome was subjected to some flooding in early January which disrupted operations. The problems continued throughout the month and had become so acute that United Airways were forced to transfer their operation to Ronaldsway. The overflowing of the Sulby River inundated a large area of the surrounding countryside and was the main cause of the airport being flooded. It was not until Sunday, 2 February following tests was it decided the airport was safe for the resumption of operations.''Isle of Man Examiner.'' Friday, 7 February 1936; p. 11 Infrastructure work, however, continued with the erection of a hangar on the airfield. It was constructed from steel girders and galvanized iron on a concrete base and was capable of accommodating three Spartan Cruisers. In the summer of 1936 Northern and Scottish, now acting for British Airways Ltd., were operating the following routes involving Hall Caine: Glasgow (twice daily by the end of September); Liverpool–Blackpool (two or three flights a day); Belfast and Carlisle (daily). The mail link between Hall Caine and Ronaladsway also offered limited passenger availability. The service departed Hall Caine on weekday mornings at 07:00hrs, returning from Ronaldsway at 09:20hrs, with a one-way ticket costing five shillings and a return, seven shillings and six pence. At this time a scheduled bus service from Douglas was introduced by the Isle of Man Road Services, allowing passengers to connect at regular intervals with services from Hall Caine. The service departed the Central Bus Station in Douglas, calling at the Sefton Hotel and the Villa Marina. The service continued on to
Parliament Square, Ramsey Parliament Square, Ramsey ( gv, Kerrin y Valley or Market Square) is situated between the 23rd and 24th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the junction of the primary A3 Castletown ...
prior to arriving at Hall Caine. British Airways Ltd commenced their summer schedule at the end of May, operating from Hall Caine to destinations in England,
Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
and
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
. A busy day was recorded on Saturday, 18 July, when 160 passengers were landed at the airport. This included the arrival of the Western Brothers who flew in from
Elmdon Airport Birmingham Airport , formerly ''Birmingham International Airport'', is an international airport located east-southeast of Birmingham city centre, west-northwest of Coventry slightly north of Bickenhill village, in the Metropolitan Boro ...
,
Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...
, by private charter to perform at the Villa Marina. Heavy rain-blighted operations in late July causing the Sulby River to again break its banks flooding across large areas of Close Lake and Ballakillinghan. However, operations from the aerodrome were unaffected. This did, however, lead to the further dredging of the Lough Molla and Close Chairn watercourses in
Lezayre Lezayre ( ; gv, Creest ny h-Ayrey), formally Kirk Christ Lezayre, is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional ''North Side'' division) in the sheading of Ayre. ...
, thus reducing the potential of future flooding. George Formby returned to Hall Caine at the beginning of August. He arrived from
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the North West England, northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the Borough of Blackpool, borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, betw ...
in a privately chartered aircraft with a party of friends to undertake some sightseeing. In the first two weeks of August Hall Caine handled 1,200 passengers, some of whom were passengers of Railway Air Services whose Ronaldsway services were affected by fog. Again Hall Caine's weather record proved its worth at the end of August. It was again able to offer itself as a suitable weather alternate for Ronaldsway, which was again affected by coastal fog. By the end of August Hall Caine Airport had handled approximately 2,500 passengers. The summer of 1936 also saw a record time set for a flight between Hall Caine and Ronaldsway. A mail flight, piloted by Capt. Wilson flying a British Airways Dragon Rapide with the assistance of a substantial tailwind, is reported to have made the flight in a time of six minutes. The
ground speed Ground speed is the horizontal speed of an aircraft relative to the Earth’s surface. It is vital for accurate navigation that the pilot has an estimate of the ground speed that will be achieved during each leg of a flight. An aircraft diving ve ...
attained on the flight is reported to have reached in what were described as perfect conditions, Further records were established at the end of September for flight times to and from Hall Caine. The first was on 26 September, when Capt. Ramsay, in command of a British Airways Spartan Cruiser covered the from
Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern England, Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers River Eden, Cumbria, Eden, River C ...
to Hall Caine in 27 minutes from take off to touchdown. This was followed by a new record between
Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
and Hall Caine, when Capt. Hankins recorded a time of 39 minutes for the sector. Scheduled services intermingled with charter operations, one such being arranged for members of Douglas Borough Council who visited
Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdo ...
to arrange the purchase of some horses for the
Douglas Bay Horse Tramway The Douglas Bay Horse Tramway ( gv, Raad Yiarn Cabbyl Vaie Ghoolish) on the Isle of Man runs along the seafront promenade for approximately , from the southern terminus at the Victoria Pier, adjacent to the Isle of Man Sea Terminal, to Derby Ca ...
. For the autumn of 1936 and into the winter of 1936–7 there was a daily Liverpool – Blackpool – Hall Caine – Belfast – Glasgow service. In the preceding seven months to the end of 1936, 7,000 passengers had been landed at Hall Caine Airport. Spartan Cruisers, Dragons and Rapides were employed with an occasional visit from the Argosy though the latter was becoming increasingly expensive to maintain and was de-registered at the end of 1936. It was also during the latter part of 1936 that a Tynwald Committee were looking into the viability of installing a
radio direction finder Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), isin accordance with International Telecommunication Union (ITU)defined as radio location that uses the reception of radio waves to determine the direction in which a radio station ...
(RDF) at Ronaldsway as well as Hall Caine. In the end, the Air Ministry decided upon Ronaldsway as the preferred venue for the wireless station, with Tynwald unanimously decided to approve the proposal on Friday 20 November 1936. The increased traffic had necessitated an increase in the staffing levels at the airport, and as part of this recognition the Isle of Man Road Services, in conjunction with British Airways, were in discussion to provide a bus service to meet all arrivals. In the seven months to November 1936, 7,000 passengers had been landed at Hall Caine. The airport had also accommodated 39 diversions from Ronaldsway on 18 separate days between May and September. The year 1936 ended as it had begun with heavy rain affecting the Isle of Man. Flooding was again prevalent over the Island's northern plain, however, operations at Hall Caine continued without disruption.


1937


=Northern and Scottish Airways

= By the beginning of 1937, the lease on the airfield was held by Northern and Scottish Airways. January saw increased passenger numbers with the corresponding period of 1936, with traffic over the Christmas period of 1936–37 also showing an increase. At this time Northern and Scottish operations from Hall Caine served Belfast, Liverpool, Glasgow and Blackpool. On 26 January a Northern and Scottish Dragon Rapide, specifically fitted out for the task, conveyed an elderly couple (one of whom was on a stretcher) to Hall Caine from
Barton Airport City Airport is an airport in Barton-upon-Irwell, Greater Manchester, England, west of Manchester. Formerly known as Barton Aerodrome and City Airport Manchester, It is known by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as Manchester/Barton. The ...
,
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
, so as they could visit their son. The flight time was 50 minutes and the commander of the aircraft was Capt. McGevor, chief pilot of the southern section of Northern and Scottish. In February operations continued despite snow covering the area, and extra flights were operated at the beginning of the month to meet increased bookings. At the end of February the aerodrome's owners, Hall Caine Manx Airport Ltd, applied for a re-valuation of the lease of the airport. At this time Close Lake Farm comprised , which were let under lease to John Brew at a cost of £400 per annum.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday, 27 February 1937; p. 11 Of this were used for the aerodrome and were sub-leased at £125 per annum.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday, 27 February 1937; p. 11 A submission was made by Derwent Hall Caine stating that investment in the region of several thousand pounds had been made in the development of the airport, however as was the case with other airports, Hall Caine was running at a loss. The airport had been valued at £223 gross and £215 rateable, and it was the contention of the owners that if the airport was to continue then the rateable assessment needed to be lowered.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday, 27 February 1937; p. 11 After consideration it was announced by the Board that the airport should be re-valued.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday, 27 February 1937; p. 11 However, it was announced by Northern and Scottish Airways on 21 May that all services operated from Hall Caine had been suspended until 1 June; "pending important changes relating to the air services between the Isle of Man and mainland airports."''Ramsey Courier.'' Friday, 21 May 1937; p. 4 The notice also stated that from 1 June Northern and Scottish would resume their service to
Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
, services to
Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
,
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the North West England, northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the Borough of Blackpool, borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, betw ...
, Carlisle and Belfast (Newtownards) were to be abandoned. Consequently, all ticket holders on services operated by Northern and Scottish from Hall Caine were transferred onto Manx Airway services from Ronaldsway Airport.


Rationalisation & Closure

The primary reason for the cessation of services from Hall Caine was a rationalization of services operated by Northern and Scottish who at this time had entered into an undertaking with Manx Airways Ltd at Ronaldsway. This resulted in Manx Airways covering the schedules to Liverpool, Blackpool, Carlisle and Belfast which were formerly operated by Northern and Scottish, leaving only the Glasgow service being operated from Hall Caine.''Mona's Herald.'' Tuesday, 25 May 1937; p. 5 This was a severe blow to the town of Ramsey coming as it did at the beginning of the tourist season. The resumption of services from Hall Caine to Glasgow recommenced in early June. Aimed primarily at the increased traffic as a result of the TT Races, it continued throughout the month with 80 passengers arriving from Glasgow on 16 & 17 June. In addition
Lord Londonderry Marquess of Londonderry, of the County of Londonderry ( ), is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. History The title was created in 1816 for Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Londonderry. He had earlier represented County Down in the Irish House of ...
's aircraft diverted into Hall Caine whilst en route from
Rochester Rochester may refer to: Places Australia * Rochester, Victoria Canada * Rochester, Alberta United Kingdom *Rochester, Kent ** City of Rochester-upon-Medway (1982–1998), district council area ** History of Rochester, Kent ** HM Prison ...
to Belfast (Newtownards) due to poor weather at the destination. The Ramsey Ratepayers Association petitioned the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, Sir Montague Butler, with a view to his intervening to preserve commercial air operations from Hall Caine. The cancellation by Northern and Scottish Airways also lead to a special meeting by the Ramsey Commissioners. It was hoped that Railway Air Services would have commenced operations from Hall Caine, but any hope proved unfounded. The recommencement of the Hall Caine–Renfrew service led to there being six rotations daily (three from Ronaldsway and three from Hall Caine) between the Isle of Man and Glasgow. Services between Hall Caine and Glasgow continued through until August and with the passing of the peak season for visitors to the Isle of Man the schedule became unsustainable. A further night landing, again conducted with the aid of
flare A flare, also sometimes called a fusée, fusee, or bengala in some Latin-speaking countries, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light or intense heat without an explosion. Flares are used for distress signaling, illumination, ...
s, was carried out on 29 August when a Northern and Scottish aircraft under the command of Capt. McGregor touched down at 21:25hrs. At the end of September, it was announced by Northern and Scottish that they were to discontinue the service between Hall Caine and Glasgow. Piloted by
Capt. Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
McGeow, the final commercial flight from Hall Caine Airport departed at 4:15 pm on Saturday, 2 October 1937.


1938


=Demise

= Following the cessation of scheduled services, there were a few private visitors. The most notable visitor during the summer of 1938 was the celebrated
Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
glider pilot
Robert Kronfeld Squadron Leader Robert Kronfeld, AFC (5 May 1904 – 12 February 1948) was an Austrian-born gliding champion and sailplane designer of the 1920s and 30s. He became a British subject and an RAF test pilot. He was killed testing a glider in 1948. ...
, following what was described as a "thrilling flight" across the
Irish Sea The Irish Sea or , gv, Y Keayn Yernagh, sco, Erse Sie, gd, Muir Èireann , Ulster-Scots: ''Airish Sea'', cy, Môr Iwerddon . is an extensive body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is linked to the Ce ...
. The flight, in a Kirby Kite sailplane was undertaken from Kirby Moorside in Yorkshire and was the first glider crossing of the Irish Sea.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday, 11 June 1938; p. 4 The glider was under tow from an
Avro Cadet The Avro Cadet is a single-engined British biplane trainer designed and built by Avro in the 1930s as a smaller development of the Avro Tutor for civil use. Design and development The Avro 631 Cadet was developed in 1931 as a smaller, more e ...
intended to take a track to Blackpool to perform the crossing to Ronaldsway, however due to adverse weather conditions the aircraft and glider were blown off course. Fixing their position over
St Bees Head St Bees Head is a headland on the North West coast of the English county of Cumbria and is named after the nearby village of St Bees. It is the only stretch of Heritage Coast on the English coastline between the Welsh and Scottish borders, an ...
it was decided to make the crossing to
Maughold Head Maughold Head is the easternmost point of the Isle of Man and the closest point in the Isle of Man to England, being from St. Bees Head in Cumbria. Maughold Head lies in the northeast of the island, some from Ramsey, at the southern end of R ...
. Descending to only above the sea the crossing was completed, but as a consequence of the weather it was deemed necessary to land at Hall Caine. The glider was detached above the airfield and landed after the aircraft, touching down just after 20:00hrs. Another occasion saw the test flight of a home-made
Luton Minor The Luton L.A.4 Minor was a 1930s United Kingdom, British single-seat high-wing ultra-light aircraft. The prototype was built by the Luton Aircraft, Luton Aircraft Limited, and design plans were later adapted and copies sold for homebuilding. D ...
(G-AFRC) - the first aircraft to be constructed on the Isle of Man -''Isle of Man Times.'' Friday, 3 May 1957; p. 6 which had been built by Jack Carine, an engineer at the Pulrose Power Station. The test flight was undertaken by Fred Dodd, a local private pilot. It was a brief hope a resumption of scheduled services would occur in the summer of 1938. However the removal of the main hangar and its subsequent erection at Ronaldsway, together with other infrastructure removals, ended such hopes. World events then played their part in ensuring that Hall Caine's scheduled services were not resumed. Following the cessation of scheduled services the Ramsey Gun Club were successful in agreeing on terms for the use of the airfield for
Skeet shooting Skeet shooting is a recreational and competitive activity where participants use shotguns to attempt to break clay targets which two fixed stations mechanically fling into the air at high speed and at a variety of angles. Skeet is one of the t ...
. The inhabitants of the north of the island had become accustomed to the airport, which had shown signs of satisfactory development in 1935 and 1936, so much so that they had become to regard it as a permanent operation. The local press also alluded to a certain amount of prejudice which had existed concerning the Hall Caine operation in official circles.''Ramsey Courier.'' Friday, 28 May 1937; p. 4 The fact that Hall Caine Airport was from the main center of Douglas was not in its favor and, as the ''Ramsey Courier'' of the day sadly observed, "with many airlines trying to make ends meet, there was bound to be contractions of services". On the other hand, William Lambden in his work, ''The Manx Transport Systems'' makes reference to the fact that the Isle of Man Road Services Ltd. had carried over 10,000 passengers on their special airport route from Hall Caine to Douglas during the 1936–37 period.


Subsequent use

In 1939 planning permission was granted to Jack Carine to erect a temporary hangar in order to accommodate the Luton Minor, which was based at Hall Caine. An incident of fuel starvation caused damage to the aircraft during a flight on 31 August 1939, after which it was described as "damaged beyond repair." With the outbreak of
war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...
on 3 September 1939, all private flying was banned and therefore what little use was being made of the airfield ceased. The Luton Minor was stored in the hangar for the duration, and was reported to be still there as late as 1957; after which no further information exists. Having transferred from Jurby Aerodrome the airfield was again used, albeit briefly, by the Islanders Gliding club in the mid-1990s. Following an amalgamation, they subsequently relocated to Andreas Airfield.


RAF

During the latter part of May 1937, Sky Hill was the venue for training exercises by the 125th Brigade, Territorial Army, comprising the 5th, 6th and 8th
Lancashire Fusiliers The Lancashire Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that saw distinguished service through many years and wars, including the Second Boer War, the First and Second World Wars, and had many different titles throughout its 28 ...
.''Ramsey Courier.'' Friday, 28 May 1937; p. 3 As part of this three
RAF The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...
Hawker Hector The Hawker Hector was a British biplane army co-operation and liaison aircraft of the late 1930s; it served with the Royal Air Force and saw brief combat in the Battle of France in May 1940. Some Hectors were later sold to Ireland. It was name ...
army cooperation aircraft The army cooperation aircraft was an inter-war concept of an aircraft capable of support of ground units in a variety of roles. Army cooperation planes combined the roles of artillery spotter aircraft, liaison, reconnaissance plane and close air su ...
were detailed to co-ordinate the training and were hangared at Hall Caine. The aircraft were part of a force based at
RAF Odiham RAF Odiham is a Royal Air Force station situated a little to the south of the village of Odiham in Hampshire, England. It is the home of the Royal Air Force's heavy lift helicopter, the Chinook, and of the King’s Helicopter Flight (TKHF) . I ...
and came from 13 Squadron. Having flown to the Isle of Man from
RAF Sealand MoD Sealand (formerly RAF Sealand), is a Ministry of Defence installation in Flintshire, in the northeast corner of Wales, close to the border with England. It is a former Royal Air Force station, active between 1916 and 2006. Under defence cu ...
, the aircraft were engaged in the attacking and retreating exercises of the troops; in picking up and dropping messages, and in observation work. During the stay pilots gave an impromptu flying display by diving down onto the airfield and picking up messages. Another Territorial Army camp, together with associated military exercises, occurred during August, and again three aircraft, together with a detachment of 30 engineers, were based at Hall Caine. A further camp of the Territorial Army was held on the Isle of Man in 1938, when the 158th ( Royal Welch)
Infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...
Brigade arrived at Ramsey. As with other exercises, an RAF aircraft was deployed to Hall Caine. As part of the
United Kingdom Government ga, Rialtas a Shoilse gd, Riaghaltas a Mhòrachd , image = HM Government logo.svg , image_size = 220px , image2 = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg , image_size2 = 180px , caption = Royal Arms , date_es ...
's Air Expansion Programme, Hall Caine Airport was inspected with a view to the establishment of a permanent
RAF Station The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...
. However the site was not deemed to be of the required standard and land was instead sourced in the Parish of Jurby which saw the construction of RAF Jurby in 1938.


Flying School

In August 1935, the first flying school on the Isle of Man was set up at Hall Caine Airport operated by Aircraft Exchange and Mart. There was an initial difficulty in sourcing adequate training aircraft due to the government's Air Expansion Programme, however, an aircraft was procured. As part of the operation an additional hangar was constructed to accommodate the training aircraft, a Puss Moth. The Chief Flying Instructor was
Flight Lieutenant Flight lieutenant is a junior commissioned rank in air forces that use the Royal Air Force (RAF) system of ranks, especially in Commonwealth countries. It has a NATO rank code of OF-2. Flight lieutenant is abbreviated as Flt Lt in the India ...
R. Duncanson, an experienced instructor with over 20 years flying experience who had come from a previous position at the
London Air Park London Air Park, also known as Hanworth Air Park, was a grass airfield in the grounds of Hanworth Park House, operational 1917–1919 and 1929–1947. It was on the southeastern edge of Feltham, now part of the London Borough of Hounslow. In th ...
. The instruction was carried out initially on the Puss Moth and this was subsequently joined by a
Spartan Three Seater The Spartan Three Seater was a British three-seat biplane touring and pleasure-flying aircraft built by Spartan Aircraft Limited. History Built as a three-seat version of the Simmonds Spartan The Simmonds Spartan is a 1920s British tw ...
. At this time Hall Caine Airport was the only airfield on the Isle of Man which was licensed to carry out flying instruction offering tuition towards the qualification for a pilot's A Licence. Another source of revenue was pleasure flights. Aircraft Exchange and Mart quickly realized the potential and the pleasure flights proved popular during the summer months. Keen to publicize the opportunities at Hall Caine, Flt Lt. Duncanson took to the skies in
Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ar ...
Patrick Stuart's
Hendy Hobo The Hendy 281 Hobo was a British single-seat light monoplane designed by Basil B. Henderson and built by the Hendy Aircraft Company at Shoreham Airport in 1929. Only one aircraft was built, registered ''G-AAIG'', and first flown in October 1929 ...
and performed a series of
aerobatics Aerobatics is the practice of flying maneuvers involving aircraft attitudes that are not used in conventional passenger-carrying flights. The term is a portmanteau of "aerial" and "acrobatics". Aerobatics are performed in aeroplanes and glid ...
over
Ramsey Bay Ramsey Bay ( gv, Baie Rhumsaa) is a large bay and Marine Nature Reserve covering some 94 square kilometres off the northeastern coast of the Isle of Man. It runs for 18 kilometres from the Point of Ayre at the island's northern tip to Maughold ...
.


Location

One of the attributes of having an airfield on the northern plain of the Isle of Man is the weather record and this proved favorable for Hall Caine Airport. The northern plain of the Isle of Man has always enjoyed a better weather record than that of the south where Ronaldsway Airport is situated.''Isle of Man Times.'' Saturday 30 January 1937. Because of its coastal location,
fog Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. Reprint from Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus, and is heavily influ ...
is a particular problem at Ronaldsway with certain wind directions and mainly affects the airport during the summer months. During the operational life of Hall Caine Airport, there was much friendly rivalry between the crews of the airlines flying to the Isle of Man, and opportunities to gain extra revenue were always welcome. From its earliest days Close Lake had been a convenient diversionary airfield for aircraft flying to Ronaldsway; initially taking the form of private aircraft but increasingly commercial operators could rely on Hall Caine being able to offer itself as a suitable alternate. This occurred on numerous occasions with Hall Caine accepting the mail flight when it was unable to land at Ronaldsway. Another instance occurred on Tuesday 6 August 1935, when a West Coast Air Service aircraft from London was unable to land at Ronaldsway and subsequently diverted to Hall Caine.''The Ramsey Courier.'' Friday 9 August 1935. When Ronaldsway was "out" due to bad weather, N.S.A. staff were quick to suggest passengers get a refund and fly with them to Hall Caine which never suffered from fog. From the period of June to September 1936, there was total of 39 diversions from Ronaldsway Airport to Hall Caine as a consequence of fog affecting the south of the island.


Accidents and incidents


G-ACYL May 1936

On Saturday 16 May 1936,
British Airways British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a populati ...
Spartan Cruiser G-ACYL crashed on landing. Under the command of Capt. Elgey, the aircraft had departed Glasgow (
Abbotsinch Abbotsinch is an area in the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Paisley, Scotland. It is today almost entirely occupied by Glasgow Airport. Traditionally in the parish of Renfrew (although not within its burgh boundary), Abbotsinch is bordered by the ...
) on a scheduled service carrying five passengers. The landing surface at Hall Caine was reported as slippery after a period of torrential rain. Having made a safe landing the wheels of the aircraft locked as the brakes were applied, causing it to enter a skid. Heading towards a straight collision with a hangar, Capt. Elgey managed to turn away with the result that one of the aircraft's wings collided with the hangar, throwing it on its side and tearing the wing from the
fuselage The fuselage (; from the French ''fuselé'' "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an engine as well, although in some amphibious aircraft t ...
.''Peel City Guardian.'' Saturday, 23 May 1936; p. 7 Only one passenger, a Mrs. Bridson of
Renfrew Renfrew (; sco, Renfrew; gd, Rinn Friù) is a town west of Glasgow in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. It is the historic county town of Renfrewshire. Called the "Cradle of the Royal Stewarts" for its early link with Scotland's former ...
, Glasgow, sustained a slight injury (a sprained wrist) however after receiving medical attention at a doctor's surgery in Ramsey she was able to continue to her destination,
Port St Mary Port St Mary ( gv, Purt le Moirrey or ''Purt-noo-Moirrey'') is a village district in the south-west of the Isle of Man. The village takes its name from the former Chapel of St Mary ( gv, Keeill Moirrey) which is thought to have overlooked Chap ...
. Following the incident G-ACYL was repaired and returned to service.


Notable passengers

*
George Formby George Formby, (born George Hoy Booth; 26 May 1904 – 6 March 1961) was an English actor, singer-songwriter and comedian who became known to a worldwide audience through his films of the 1930s and 1940s. On stage, screen and record he s ...
*
The Western Brothers The Western Brothers were an English people, English music hall and radio act, who were popular from the 1930s to the late 1950s, performing self-written topical songs which often lampooned the upper classes. Kenneth Alfred Western (10 Septembe ...
* Lady Bonham Carter * Sir Mark Collet''Ramsey Courier.'' Friday 17 July 1936;p. 5 *
Marquis of Londonderry Marquess of Londonderry, of the County of Londonderry ( ), is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. History The title was created in 1816 for Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Londonderry. He had earlier represented County Down in the Irish House of ...


References


Citations


Bibliography

* *


External links

* Description and history on th
Manx Electric Railway Society
website {{authority control Buildings and structures in the Isle of Man Airports in the Isle of Man Airports established in 1935