In
chess
Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...
, a half-open file (or semi-open file) is a with
pawns of only one color. The half-open file can provide a line of attack for a player's
rook or
queen
Queen most commonly refers to:
* Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom
* Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king
* Queen (band), a British rock band
Queen or QUEEN may also refer to:
Monarchy
* Queen dowager, the widow of a king
* Q ...
. A half-open file is generally exploited by the player with no pawns on it.
Many
openings, such as the
Sicilian Defense, aim to complicate the position. In the main line Sicilian, 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 (or 2...e6, or 2...Nc6) 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4, White obtains a half-open d-file, but Black can pressure White along the half-open c-file.
In positions where White has no pawns on a file but Black has one pawn or more on that file, the position is considered to be half-opened for White. In cases where Black has no pawns on a file but White has one or more pawns on that file, the position is considered to be half-opened for Black.
A ''pawn break'' occurs when a pawn captures or advances in a way that opens or half-opens one or more files. The demolition of the
pawn structure
In a game of chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawn (chess), pawns on the chessboard. Because pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus ...
is a common theme in positions with half-open files, since
doubled pawns or
isolated pawns may create half-open files.
Example
The game
Loek van Wely–
Judit Polgár
Judit Polgár (born 23 July 1976) is a Hungarian Grandmaster (chess), chess grandmaster, widely regarded as the Strong (chess), strongest female chess player of all time. In 1991, Polgár achieved the title of Grandmaster at the age of 15 years ...
, Hoogeveen, 1997
demonstrates the power of half-open files in attacks. Despite having one fewer pawn than White, Black's possession of two powerful half-open files (her rook on the f-file and queen on the g-file) gives her a winning advantage ().
Black played
30... Rxf2+
and White resigned, anticipating 31.Rxf2 Qxg3+ 32.Kf1 Qxf2.
See also
*
Open file
References
Bibliography
*
*
{{chess
Chess terminology
Chess strategy