Haj Fadel Government ( ar, حكومة الحاج فاضل) was a government formed during the

Occupation of Zor The Occupation of Zor was the 1918–1920 occupation of the Zor Sanjak in Upper Mesopotamia after World War I by Iraqi nationalists representing the Arab government in Damascus led by Emir Faisal. Contrary to the intentions of the Iraqi national ...

in the eastern region of

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

and based in

Deir al-Zour , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = Ethnicities , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_title = Religions , population_blank2 = ...

`s city after the departure of the

Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

in 1918, headed by Haj Fadel Al-Aboud and it was called his name.Alnajem، Ismail، "Fadel Alaboud" First Haj Fadel Government، An article published in eSyria Web site، 21/12/2013.
/ref>Waleed، Alaa، The sons of Deir al-Zour evoke the experience of the government of Haj Fadel، An article published in orient news Web site، 09/02/2013.
/ref>

Haj Fadel Aboud

Syrian National Congress, Damascus 1919-1920

Fadel Aboud Hassan was born in

in 1872, and his leadership traits had been evident since his early childhood, He was successful in leadership after he received it, although he did not receive an education, He also had a prominent social status in the city of Deir al-Zour, which enabled him to take over the leadership, inherited this status from his father Aboud Hassan, Haj Fadel worked in trade and had extensive commercial relations with the Turkish merchants and Halbians and with his cousins Najjar and Tayfur in the city of

Hama , timezone = EET , utc_offset = +2 , timezone_DST = EEST , utc_offset_DST = +3 , postal_code_type = , postal_code = , ar ...

. Haj Fadel Al-Aboud was arrested several times for his support of national issues and

revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

s, He was sentenced to

exile Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suf ...

to the city of Jisr al-Shughour after he was accused of preparing a popular revolt against

French colonialism The French colonial empire () comprised the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the "First French Colonial Empire", that existe ...

in protest against the military campaign by the

French army The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed For ...

against the Bukhabur tribes that refused to pay taxes to the French colonizer. As well as insulting Wali

Khalil Isaac, who was cooperating with the French. He protested the decision of the French High Commissioner Maurice Paul Sarrail No. 49 S / 5 in August 1925, that ordered the

of his cousin

Ayyash Al-Haj Ayyash Al-Haj Hussein Al-Jassim, ( ar, عياش الحاج حسين الجاسم) a Syrian leader from Deir al-Zour city, began the armed struggle against the French colonizer in governorate of Deir al-Zour in 1925 coinciding with the outbreak of ...

with all his family members to the city of

Jableh ) , settlement_type = City , motto = , image_skyline = Jableh Collage.jpg , imagesize = 250px , image_caption = General view of city and port • Roman Amphitheater• Al ...

for their struggle against

, which exposed him to security persecution and repeated detention by the French military authorities. Haj Fadel Al-Aboud represented the

Euphrates The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Tigris–Euphrates river system, Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia ( ''the land between the rivers'') ...

region at the

Syrian National Congress The Syrian National Congress, also called the Pan-Syrian Congress and General Syrian Congress (GSC), was convened in May 1919 in Damascus, Syria, after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Syria. The mission of the Congress was to consider the futu ...

held in late June 1919, which proclaimed on 8 March 1920, the

independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...

and establishment of the Syrian Arab Kingdom and inauguration of Faisal bin Sharif Hussein as its

king King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

. Fadel Al-Aboud participated in the inauguration ceremony of Faisal King of

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

on 23 August 1921, and was supporting to his

inauguration In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaugu ...

. Haj Fadel Al-Aboud died in 1936 in the city of

and was buried there.

Formation of the first government

Trouble broke out in the city of

after the

left on 6 November 1918, where people began looting and stealing from each other across the area, so it was necessary to have a strong authority for protecting the city and its people and that led Al-Hassan who was the

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

to form his first

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

in the city and asking all

tribal The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

leaders in the

villages A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...

and surrounding districts to support him and pledge allegiance to him. One of the priorities of this

was to maintain security and run the city's affairs. This

later known as the "government of Haj Fadel." The government continued until the arrival of Sharif Nasser, the cousin of Prince Faisal Bin Al-Hussein, on 1 December 1918, and Mari Basha Al-Mallah on 7 December 1918.

Formation of the second government

After the

Battle of Maysalun The Battle of Maysalun ( ar, معركة ميسلون), also called the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (french: Bataille de Khan Mayssaloun), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria an ...

on 24 July 1920 and occupation of

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

French forces The French Armed Forces (french: Forces armées françaises) encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air and Space Force and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic. The President of France heads the armed forces as Chief of the Armed Forces. France ...

, The city of

Deir Ezzor , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = Ethnicities , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_title = Religions , population_blank2 = ...

was in a state of chaos and insecurity, which prompted Al-Hassan to form his second

, Which has done excellent services in protecting the city and maintaining the security of its people despite its limited capabilities. This

continued its work until 23 November 1920, when it was dissolved by a decision of the French occupation authorities.

Achievements of Haj Fadel government

The most significant achievements of the government of Haj Fadel I and II: # Protecting symptoms, selves, property, and achieving security in the area, where no one reported that there was a case of

murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person wit ...

theft Theft is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word ''theft'' is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some ...

at that time despite its short duration. # Preventing reprisals or settling personal issues after the departure of the Ottoman and then

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

forces. # Commitment to pay the salaries of

employees. # Continued

public services A public service is any Service (economics), service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through pub ...

in the city.

Armenian genocide

Armenian woman kneeling beside dead child in field

When the Ottoman

persecuted the

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...

people and forced them to march out to the Syrian city of

and the surrounding desert, without any facilities and supplies that would have been necessary to sustain the life of hundreds of thousands of

deportees during and after their forced march to the

Syrian Syrians ( ar, سُورِيُّون, ''Sūriyyīn'') are an Eastern Mediterranean ethnic group indigenous to the Levant. They share common Levantine Semitic roots. The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Syrian people is a blend of both indi ...

desert. (cited by ) Al-Hassan, who was the

, provided them with food and housing. Means of livelihood and security, The

Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...

returned the favor to Al-Hassan when the

sentenced him to death in

Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

, where they supported and defended him, which led the French to abolish the

death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...

penalty and only

him to

Jisr al-Shughur Jisr ash-Shughūr ( ar, جِسْرُ ٱلشُّغُورِ, jisr aš-šuġūr, , also rendered as ''Jisser ash-Shughour'' and other spellings), known in antiquity as Seleucobelus ( el, Σελευκόβηλος, translit=Seleukóbēlos), is a city i ...

.Alshamary, Anwar, Biggest Baggara Tribe, Dar Almaref, Homs, 1996, Page: 363.

References