Haemulidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of fishes in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

known commonly as grunts. It is made up of the two

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zool ...

Haemulinae Haemulinae is a subfamily of the Haemulidae and consists of the genera of that family which are regarded as being of New World origin, although they are now widespread. The subfamily is distinguished from the Plectorhynchinae by having a short do ...

(grunts) and Plectorhynchinae (sweetlips), which contain about 133 species in 19 genera around the world. These fishes are commonly found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, inhabiting marine, brackish, and sometimes fresh waters. The family shows many feeding adaptations from bottom-feeding predation to water-column planktivory and is named for the ability of Haemulinae to produce sounds by grinding their pharyngeal teeth. Some species engage in mutualistic relationships with cleaner gobies of the genus ''

Elacatinus ''Elacatinus'' is a genus of small marine gobies, often known collectively as the neon gobies. Although only one species, ''E. oceanops'', is technically the "neon goby", because of their similar appearance, other members of the genus are g ...

'', allowing them to feed on

ectoparasites Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...

on their bodies.

Subfamilies and genera

The family Haemulidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera: *

** '' Anisotremus'' Gill 1861 ** '' Boridia''

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

, 1830 ** '' Brachydeuterus'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

Conodon ''Conodon'', from Ancient Greek κῶνος (''kōnos''), meaning "cone", and ὀδούς (''odoús''), meaning "tooth", is a genus of grunts native to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. The currently recognized species in this ge ...

'' Cuvier, 1830 ** '' Emmelichthyops''

Schultz Schultz is a German and Dutch surname derived from ''Schultheiß'', meaning village headman or constable/sheriff in the medieval sense (akin to today's office of mayor). It has many variations, such as Schuldt, Schulte, Schulten, Schultes, Schul ...

, 1945 ** ''

Haemulon ''Haemulon'' is a genus of fish in the Haemulidae, grunt family known as the scaled-fin grunts. Most are found in the western Atlantic Ocean, with a few species known from the eastern Pacific Ocean.Rocha, L. A. and I. L. Rosa. (1999)New species ...

'' Cuvier, 1829 ** ''

Haemulopsis ''Haemulopsis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, grunts belonging to the family Haemulidae. They are native to the western Atlantic Ocean and, mainly, to the eastern Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Ear ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1869 ** '' Inermia'' Poey, 1860 ** ''

Isacia ''Isacia conceptionis'', the Cabinza grunt, is a species of grunt native to the Pacific Coast of South America and Nicaragua. It can be found at depths of in areas with rocky or sandy substrates. This species grows to in TL, with a maximum k ...

'' Jordan & Fesler, 1893 ** '' Microlepidotus'' Gill, 1862 ** '' Orthopristis'' Girard, 1858 ** '' Parakuhlia'' Pellegrin, 1913 ** ''

Pomadasys ''Pomadasys'' is a genus of grunts native to the waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and through the Indian Ocean to the Pacific coast of the Americas. The name of this genus is a compound of ''poma'' meaning "lid" or "covering" and ''dasys'' m ...

'' Lacépède, 1802 ** ''

Xenichthys ''Xenichthys'' is a genus of grunts native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Xenichthys agassizii'' Steindachner, 1876 * '' Xenichthys rupestris'' Hildebrand Hildebrand is a ch ...

'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

Xenistius ''Xenistius'' is a genus of grunts native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Xenistius californiensis'' (Steindachner, 1876) (Californian salema) * '' Xenistius peruanus'' Hildebrand, ...

'' Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 ** '' Xenocys'' Jordan & Bollman, 1890 * Plectorhynchinae ** ''

Diagramma ''Diagramma'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Haemulidae, grunts native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Diagramma centurio'' G ...

'' Oken, 1817 ** ''

Genyatremus ''Genyatremus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhynchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, it consists of four species. The name of this genus is a compound of ''genys'' meaning ...

'' Gill, 1862 ** ''

Parapristipoma ''Parapristipoma'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae of the family Haemulidae. The species within the genus are native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Speci ...

'' Bleeker, 1873 ** ''

Plectorhinchus ''Plectorhinchus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae which also includes the grunts. The species in this genus are found in fresh ...

'' Lacépède, 1802

Notes

References

* {{Authority control Acanthuriformes families

Subfamilies and genera

See also

Notes

References