The was a powerful noble clan of
Baekje
Baekje or Paekche (, ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jum ...
, one of the
Three Kingdoms of Korea
Samhan or the Three Kingdoms of Korea () refers to the three kingdoms of Goguryeo (고구려, 高句麗), Baekje (백제, 百濟), and Silla (신라, 新羅). Goguryeo was later known as Goryeo (고려, 高麗), from which the modern name ''Kor ...
.
Origins
The Hae clan was probably the royal house before the Buyeo clan replaced them, and both clans appear descended from the lineage of
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ ( Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It is sometimes considered a Korea ...
and
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled mos ...
. The royal family of
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ ( Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It is sometimes considered a Korea ...
had the surname "Hae". The founding monarch of
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled mos ...
,
Jumong
Chumo (Hangul: 추모, Hanja: 鄒牟), posthumously Chumo the Holy (Hangul: 추모성왕, Hanja: 鄒牟聖王), was the founding monarch of the kingdom of Goguryeo, and was worshipped as a god-king by the people of Goguryeo and Goryeo. ''Chumo ...
had the surname "Hae" but the surname was changed to Go (高). The character (解) means "to loosen; to unfasten; to untie or to explain". It also means "sun" in Korean as
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ ( Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It is sometimes considered a Korea ...
,
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled mos ...
and
Baekje
Baekje or Paekche (, ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jum ...
were deeply involved in Sun Worship.
Baekje
They were one of the "
Great Eight Families
The Great Eight Families (, ) were eight noble families of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. They were the most powerful of the noble families and had been comrades in arms with the founding monarch Onjo of Baekje. They reached the pi ...
" (''Daeseongpaljok'', 大姓八族) of Baekje: (Sa (沙氏), Yeon (燕氏), Hyeop (劦氏), Hae (解氏), Jin (眞氏), Guk (國氏), Mok (木氏), and Baek (苩氏)). For generations the Hae monopolized providing queens for the Royal Family along with their rival, the
Jin clan. This helped them gain high court positions in the government and military.
After the Battle at Mt. Amak fortress (阿莫山城) against
Silla
Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms ...
during the beginning of the reign of King
Mu of Baekje
King Mu of Baekje (580–641) (r. 600–641) was the 30th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the 4th son of King Wideok.
Background
During his reign, the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) were at war with e ...
the Great Eight Families lost a great deal of power. Among the families the Hae clan (who had led the battle), Hyeop, Jin and Mok disappeared from the central political stage leaving only the Yeon, Guk and Baek clans. The Sa clan promoted their influence by military force and produced a queen in the late reign of
Mu of Baekje
King Mu of Baekje (580–641) (r. 600–641) was the 30th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the 4th son of King Wideok.
Background
During his reign, the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) were at war with e ...
.
They did not lose their status as central nobles during the reign of the last King,
Uija of Baekje
Uija of Baekje (599?–660, r. 641–660) was the 31st and final ruler of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. His reign ended when Baekje was conquered by an alliance of the rival Korean kingdom Silla and China's Tang dynasty.
Backg ...
by colluding with royal authority. The Buyeo clan (the royal family, 扶餘氏) acquired influence with the collapse of the
Great Eight Families
The Great Eight Families (, ) were eight noble families of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. They were the most powerful of the noble families and had been comrades in arms with the founding monarch Onjo of Baekje. They reached the pi ...
. After King Uija acceded the throne, royal might was also divided and the lineal descendant of the royal clan with the king as its center was in control of political situation. Among the Great Eight Families, Yeon and Baek clans fell behind and only clans of Sa and Guk maintained their status as central nobles. In the late Baekje all the Great Eight Families except for Sa and Guk clans lost their status as the central nobles and were degraded to local influence at last.
Known Members
The records of the Hae clan are sparse and broken making it hard to create a family tree but can be viewed as a timeline.
*
Hae Mosu
Hae Mo-su () was the founder of Bukbuyeo, Buyeo. According to the ''Samguk Sagi'', Hae Mo-su was the father of Goguryeo's founder, King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo, Jumong (). According to the ''Samguk Yusa'', Hae Mo-su was the son of heaven, riding i ...
(解慕漱, ?-195BC), founder of
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ ( Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It is sometimes considered a Korea ...
, said to be "''the son of heaven''".
*
Hae Buru
Hae Buru (; 86 – 48 BCE) was king of Bukbuyeo and founder of Dongbuyeo (86 BCE – 22 CE), an ancient Korean kingdom.
Hae Buru took the throne and became the king of Bukbuyeo. Hae Buru led his followers and some of Bukbuyeo people to the cit ...
(解夫婁, 86-48BC), was king of
Bukbuyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ (Korean language, Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: Help:IPA/Korean, u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It ...
and founder of
Dongbuyeo
Eastern Buyeo, also rendered as Dongbuyeo or Eastern Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that developed from Northern Buyeo (Northern Fuyu), until it was conquered by Goguryeo. According to the ''Samguk Sagi'', it was established when the Buyeo king ...
.
* Hae
Geumwa
Hae Geumwa () was the second ruler (48–7 BCE) of Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo), an ancient kingdom of Korea. His story is recorded in ''Samguk Sagi'', ''Samguk Yusa'' and ''Book of King Dongmyeong''.
Birth and background
Geumwa (金蛙 or 金蝸) wa ...
(解金蛙, ?–7BC), son of Hae Buru and second king of Dongbuyeo.
* Hae
Daeso
Hae Daeso (; 60 BCE – 22 AD, r. 7 BCE – 22 AD) was the third and last ruler of the ancient Korean kingdom Dongbuyeo.
Early life
Daeso was the first son of King Geumwa, and the grandson of Dongbuyeo's founder and first ruler, Hae Buru. As t ...
(解帶素, 60BC–22AD), son of Geumwa and third king of Dongbuyeo.
* 1st King:
Onjo of Baekje
Onjo (?–28, r. 18 BC – AD 28) was the founding monarch of Baekje (백제, 百濟), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to the ''Samguk Sagi'' (삼국사기, 三國史記), he founded the royal family of Baekje.
Background
There ...
, 2nd King:
Daru of Baekje
Daru of Baekje (?–77, r. 28–77) was the second king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Background
He was the eldest son of the founding monarch Onjo and became the heir of throne in the year 10. He became king upon Onjo's d ...
** Hae Ru (해루, 解婁, 55BC–34AD), one of the ten founders of Baekje. The Samguk Sagi says he was "well mannered and knowledgeable" In 23AD when he was 79 years old he was appointed Ubo (右輔) in charge of the military. He contributed greatly to the political stability of the end of the tempestuous period, and after the death of King Onjo and the crowning of King Daru he maintained his position of Ubo. He served for eleven years until his death at the age of 90 in 34AD (7th year of Daru's reign). He and greatly contributed to the expansion of Baekje's power and in the Samguk Sagi it says that King Daru mourned his death greatly.
* 11th King:
Biryu of Baekje
Biryu of Baekje (died 344, r. 304–344) was the eleventh king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Background
He was the second son of the 6th king King Gusu and the younger brother of the 7th king Saban. However, since this woul ...
** Lady Wangbi of the Hae clan (王妃 解氏) was his Queen.
** Hae Gu (해구, 解仇, ?–?), was appointed in 312 as Minister of Military Affairs (''Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong'', 兵官佐平). Not the same as
Hae Gu
Hae Gu (? – 478) was a noble of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a member of the Hae clan (解氏), one of the "Great Eight Families" (''Daeseongpaljok'', 大姓八族). He held the position of Minister of Defense (''Byeong'gw ...
who was appointed to the same position in 407 and is possibly his ancestor.
* 18th King:
Jeonji of Baekje
Jeonji of Baekje (died 420) (r. 405–420) was the eighteenth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
As the eldest son, he was confirmed as successor to King Asin, in 394. His queen was Lady Palsu of the Hae clan.
Jeonji spent mu ...
** Hae Chung (해충, 解忠, ?–?), during the power struggle of 405 when Prince Seolye killed his brother Prince Hunhae, Hae Chug, and inhabitant of Hanseong warned Jeonji not to enter the capital. Shortly afterwards Seolye was killed and Jeonji made king. Out of gratitude, Jeonji appointed several Hae clan members as ministers. In 406 Hae Chung was appointed Dalsol (達率, 2nd court rank). The next year in 407, Hae Su was appointed Naebeop-jwa’pyeong (內法佐平, ''Minister of Rituals'') and Hae Gu as Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong (兵官佐平, ''Minister of Military Affairs'').
* 18th King:
Jeonji of Baekje
Jeonji of Baekje (died 420) (r. 405–420) was the eighteenth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
As the eldest son, he was confirmed as successor to King Asin, in 394. His queen was Lady Palsu of the Hae clan.
Jeonji spent mu ...
until 23rd King:
Samgeun of Baekje
**
Hae Gu
Hae Gu (? – 478) was a noble of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a member of the Hae clan (解氏), one of the "Great Eight Families" (''Daeseongpaljok'', 大姓八族). He held the position of Minister of Defense (''Byeong'gw ...
(해구, 解仇, ?–478), appointed in 407 as Minister of Military Affairs (''Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong'', 兵官佐平) since the reign of King Jeonji. In August, 476 during the second year of the reign of King
Munju of Baekje
Munju of Baekje (?–477, r. 475–477Il-yeon: ''Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea'', translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 120. Silk Pagoda (2006). ) was the 22nd king of Baekje, on ...
he was appointed Minister of Defense (''Byeong'gwan'jwa'pyeong'', 兵官佐平). In July, 477, Hae Gu who had obtained more power killed
Buyeo Gonji
Buyeo Gonji (? – July, 477) was a member of the royal family of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the 21st king, Gaero of Baekje and younger brother of the 22nd king, Munju of Baekje.
Life
According to the ''Samguk Sa ...
, the younger brother of Munju. The King failed to gain control over the nobility and in the midst of this instability, the chief general Hae Gu took control of the military. In September the same year (477) Hae Gu sent an assassin and killed King Munju. The following year the 13-year-old son of Munju, Samgeun was crowned king. Since he was not fit to oversee the military, the armies continued to be overseen by General Hae Gu, who maintained actual political control. In January, 478, Hae Gu made common cause with rebels based in Daedu Fortress led by ''Eunsol'' (恩率: 3rd official rank)
Yeon Sin
Yeon Sin (? – 478) was a noble of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a member of the Yeon clan (燕氏), one of the " Great Eight Families" (''Daeseongpaljok'', 大姓八族). He held the position of Eunsol (恩率: 3rd official ...
(燕信). Samgeun first sent the noble, the ''Sahei'' (佐平: 1st official rank)
Jin Nam to capture the castle with 2,000 men, but he failed. He then sent the ''Dalsol'' (德率: 4th official rank)
Jin Ro, who defeated the rebels with 500 men, whereupon Yeon Sin fled to Goguryeo. With this event, the
Jin clan gained great strength in Baekje. Hae Gu was captured and executed.
[Samguk Sagi, scroll 25]
** Hae Su (해수, 解須), appointed in 407 as Naebeop-jwa’pyeong (內法佐平, Minister of Rituals).
* 24th King:
Dongseong of Baekje, 25th King:
Muryeong of Baekje
** Hae Myeong (해명, 解明, ?–501), had the position of Hansol (扞率, 5th court rank). When King Dongseong was killed by the noble Baek Ga (苩加) in 501 during a hunting trip, Hae Myeong joined his cause but Muryeong returned from Japan to take the throne and defeated them at Garimseong Fortress. Hae Myeong's dead body was thrown into the river.
See also
*
Great Eight Families
The Great Eight Families (, ) were eight noble families of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. They were the most powerful of the noble families and had been comrades in arms with the founding monarch Onjo of Baekje. They reached the pi ...
*
Hae Gu
Hae Gu (? – 478) was a noble of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a member of the Hae clan (解氏), one of the "Great Eight Families" (''Daeseongpaljok'', 大姓八族). He held the position of Minister of Defense (''Byeong'gw ...
*
Jin clan
*
Baekje
Baekje or Paekche (, ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jum ...
*
Baekje Government
The Government of Baekje, was the court system of Baekje (百濟), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea which lasted from 18 BCE–660 CE.
The establishment of a centralized state in Baekje is usually traced to the reign of King Goi, who may have ...
References
*
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Baekje people