Hacienda
An ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or ''finca''), similar to a Roman ''latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), ...
Dzibikak is located in the
Umán Municipality within the town of
Umán in the state of
Yucatán in southeastern Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century
henequen
Henequen (''Agave fourcroydes'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is reportedly naturalized in Italy, the Canary Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Cayman Islands and ...
boom.
Toponymy
The name (Dzibikak) is a word from the
Mayan language meaning 'written with fire'.
How to get there
The property is located south of Mérida in the town of
Umán.
History
Dzibikak was a Mayan settlement that emerged five centuries ago as an agricultural trading center. Small settlements were planted with crops such as maize, beans and cotton to trade with the coastal towns for fish and salt. After the Spanish invasion,
encomienda
The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish labour system that rewarded conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. The labourers, in theory, were provided with benefits by the conquerors for whom they laboured, including military ...
s were established in these settlement centers, which gave rise to the interior haciendas of the Hunucmá District.
Hacienda Dzibikak was operational in 1860 and in 1879 had a population of 231 people. The owner of Dzibikak in 1882 also owned
Hacienda Sacnicté.
In 1910 the hacienda had a population of between 200 and 400 people.
[Eiss (2010), p 47] With the decline of the sisal industry and a fire in the warehouse which collapsed the walls and ceilings, the buildings were abandoned.
In 2005, Richard and Lena Nichols purchased the ruins of Hacienda Dzibikak. They spent the next 6 years renovating the property which is now available for weddings, photo sessions, ‘quinceañeras’ or corporate events. It has hosted a ballet with 300 attendees and is the location for the annual Mérida Music Festival.
Demographics
All of the henequen plantations ceased to exist as autonomous communities with the agrarian land reform implemented by President
Lazaro Cardenas in 1937. His decree turned the haciendas into collective ''
ejidos'', leaving only 150 hectares to the former landowners for use as private property.
Figures before 1937 indicate populations living on the farm. After 1937, figures indicate those living in the community, as the remaining Hacienda Dzibikak houses only the owner's immediate family.
A pueblo of the same name surrounds the hacienda. According to census of 2005 conducted by the
INEGI, the population of the city was 1,238 inhabitants, of whom 628 were men and 610 were women; while in 2010, the INEGI reported a total of 1,388 inhabitants.
References
Bibliography
* Bracamonte, P and Solís, R., ''Los espacios de autonomía maya'', Ed. UADY, Mérida, 1997.
* Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán, "Los municipios de Yucatán", 1988.
* Kurjack, Edward y Silvia Garza, ''Atlas arqueológico del Estado de Yucatán'', Ed. INAH, 1980.
* Patch, Robert, ''La formación de las estancias y haciendas en Yucatán durante la colonia'', Ed. UADY, 1976.
* Peón Ancona, J. F., "Las antiguas haciendas de Yucatán", en ''Diario de Yucatán'', Mérida, 1971.
External links
Hacienda Dzibikak
Photo gallery
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (02).JPG, View of Hacienda Dzibikak
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (03).JPG, View of Hacienda Dzibikak
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (04).JPG, View of Hacienda Dzibikak
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (01).JPG, Well at Hacienda Dzibikak
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (05).JPG, Well at Hacienda Dzibikak
Image:Dzibikak, Yucatán (06).JPG, Church at Hacienda Dzibikak
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dzibikak
Populated places in Yucatán
Haciendas of Yucatán
Agave production