Habra II is a

community development block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...

that forms an administrative division in

Barasat Sadar subdivision Barasat Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. After transferring Rajarhat-Gopalpur Municipality and Rajarhat (Community development block) to Bidhannagar subdivi ...

North 24 Parganas district North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and f ...

in the

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...

Geography

Guma, a census town in Habra II block, is located at . Habra II CD Block is bounded by

Haringhata Haringhata is a town and a municipality of the Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Haringhata is located at . It has an average elevation of 10 metres (33 feet). Municipality Haringhata, earlier ...

CD Block in Nadia district in the north,

Habra I Habra I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barasat Sadar subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Sadpur, a census town in Habra I block, is located at . Hab ...

CD Block in the east,

Barasat I Barasat I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barasat Sadar subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Barasat I block, is located at . Barasat I CD Block is bo ...

CD Block in the south and

Amdanga Amdanga is a community development block that forms an administrative division in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Amdanga, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . Amdanga CD Block is bounded ...

CD Block in the west.

Gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s of Habra lI block/ panchayat samiti are: Banspole, Bhurkunda, Guma I, Rajibpur Bira, Beraberi, Dighara Malikberia, Guma II and Srikrishnapur. Habra II CD Block is part of the North Hooghly Flat, one of the three physiographic regions in the district located in the lower Ganges Delta. It is a raised

alluvium Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...

area along the Hooghly, which forms the western boundary of the district. Habra II CD Block has an area of 112.67 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 8

gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s, 106 gram sansads (village councils), 78

mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...

s and 78 inhabited villages. Ashoknagar police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Guma.

Demographics

Population

As per

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

Habra II CD Block had a total population of 176,490, of which 140,675 were rural and 35,185 were urban. There were 90,466 (51%) males and 86,024 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 19,756.

Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 31,665 (17.94%) and

Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 4,075 (2.31%). As per 2001 census, Habra II block has a total population of 149,803 out of which 77,014 were males and 72,709 were females. Population of the rural areas in the block was 134,322 and that of the urban areas was 15,471.

Census towns In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...

in Habra II CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Guma (12,025),

Bara Bamonia Bara Bamonia is a census town in the Habra II CD block of Barasat Sadar subdivision in North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Bara Bamonia is located at . Bara Bamonia, Guma and Khorddabamonia for ...

(7,193),

Khorddabamonia Khorddabamonia is a census town in the Habra II CD block in the Barasat Sadar subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Khorddabamonia is located at . Bara Bamonia, Guma and Khord ...

(5,856) and Bira (10,741). Large villages in Habra II CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Dighra (4,257) and Tajpur (4,092). North 24 Parganas district is densely populated, mainly because of the influx of refugees from East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). With a density of population of 2,182 per km² in 1971, it was 3rd in terms of density per km² in West Bengal after Kolkata and Howrah, and 20th in India. According to the District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas, “High density is also explained partly by the rapid growth of urbanization in the district. In 1991, the percentage of urban population in the district has been 51.23.” Decadal

Population Growth Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...

Rate (%) The decadal growth of population in Habra II CD Block in 2001-2011 was 17.79%. The decadal growth of population in Habra II CD Block in 1991-2001 was 22.27%. The decadal growth rate of population in North 24 Parganas district was as follows: 47.9% in 1951-61, 34.5% in 1961-71, 31.4% in 1971-81, 31.7% in 1981-91, 22.7% in 1991-2001 and 12.0% in 2001-11. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 17.84% in 1991-2001, 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981. Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border. It is freely used by Bangladeshi infiltrators, terrorists, smugglers, criminals, et al.

Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Habra II CD Block was 127,039 (81.05% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 68,148 (84.77% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 58,891 (77.14% of the female population over 6 years). The

gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...

(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 7.64%. See also –

List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 Ce ...

Language and religion

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001,

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001,

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

North 24 Parganas: minority concentrated district

Rural Poverty

31.75% of households in Habra II CD Block lived

below poverty line Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...

in 2001, against an average of 29.28% in North 24 Parganas district.

Economy

Livelihood

In Habra II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,001 and formed 15.50% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 19,978 and formed 30.97%, household industry workers numbered 3,199 and formed 4.96% and other workers numbered 31,329and formed 48.57%. Total workers numbered 64,507 and formed 36.55% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 111,983 and formed 63.45% of the population. In more than 30 percent of the villages in North 24 Parganas, agriculture or household industry is no longer the major source of livelihood for the main workers there. The CD Blocks in the district can be classified as belonging to three categories: border areas, Sundarbans area and other rural areas. The percentage of other workers in the other rural areas category is considerably higher than those in the border areas and Sundarbans area. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

Infrastructure

There are 76 inhabited villages in Habra II CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 13 villages (17.11%) have post offices. 75 villages (98.68%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 49 villages (64.47%) have a pucca approach road and 13 villages (17.11%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 10 villages (13.16%) have agricultural credit societies and 8 villages (10.53%) have banks.

Agriculture

The North 24 Parganas district

Human Development Report The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist ...

opines that in spite of agricultural productivity in North 24 Parganas district being rather impressive 81.84% of rural population suffered from shortage of food. With a high urbanisation of 54.3% in 2001, the land use pattern in the district is changing quite fast and the area under cultivation is declining. However, agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in the rural areas of the district. From 1977 on wards major

land reforms Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural ...

took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2010-11, persons engaged in agriculture in Habra II CD Block could be classified as follows:

bargadar Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...

s 815 (2.76%), patta (document) holders 2,730 (9.25%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 915 (3.10%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 12,255 (41.53%) and agricultural labourers 12,792 (43.35%). Habra II CD Block had 120 fertiliser depots, 30 seed stores and 34 fair price shops in 2010-11. In 2010-11, Habra II CD Block produced 15,117 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 6,054 hectares, 11,066 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,424 hectares, 554 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 215 hectares, 154 tonnes of wheat from 98 hectares, 34,873 tonnes of jute from 1,932 hectares and 8,143 tonnes of potatoes from 329 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2010-11, the total area irrigated in Habra II CD Block was 955 hectares, out of which 631 hectares were irrigated by deep tube well and 324 hectares by shallow tube well.

Pisciculture

In 2010-11, the net area under effective pisciculture in Habra II CD Block was 824.84 hectares. 18,675 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production was 24,745.2 quintals.

Banking

In 2010-11, Habra II CD Block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.

Transport

In 2010-11, Habra II CD Block had 10 originating/ terminating bus routes. NH 112 (old numbering NH 35) (also known as

Jessore Road Jessore Road is a road connecting Shyambazar through Dum Dum, both neighbourhoods in Kolkata, India, to Jessore in Bangladesh. While the Dum Dum-Barasat sector is now part of NH 12, the Barasat-Petrapole sector is now part of NH 112. It conti ...

) passes through the Guma area of this CD Block. There are stations like -

Guma railway station Guma railway station is a small railway station in North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. Its code is GUMA. It serves the town of Guma, West Bengal, Guma. The station consists of two well sheltered platforms. It has many facilities including w ...

and Bira railway station on the Sealdah-Bangaon line

Education

In 2010-11, Habra II CD Block had 75 primary schools with 8,883 students, 8 high schools with 6,091 students and 10 higher secondary schools with 13,664 students. Habra II CD Block had 239 institutions for special and non-formal education with 10,229 students. There are 12 Secondary Schools in this community development block affiliated to

West Bengal Board of Secondary Education The West Bengal Board of Secondary Education is the West Bengal state government administered autonomous examining authority for the Standard 10 examination (or secondary school level examination) of West Bengal, India. It has come into force ...

. # Dighara Haradayal Vidyapith # Tangra Adarsha Sikshaniketan # Rajibpore A.V. High School # Rajibpore Girls High School # Bira Ballavpara High School # Bira Ballavpara Santipipasha Ballav High School # Guma Rabindra Vidyapith # Nazrul Balika Vidyalaya # Suria Moulana Abul Kalam Azad High School # Natni High School # Mena Sarojini Pahar High School # Sendanga Chaturdash Pally High School As per the 2011 census, in Habra II CD Block, amongst the 76 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 18 villages had more than 1 primary school, 19 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.

Healthcare

In 2011, Habra II CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centres, with total 23 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 27 family welfare subcentres. 1,413 patients were treated indoors and 71,591 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Sabdalpur Rural Hospital at

Sabdalpur Sabdalpur is a village in the Habra II Community development blocks in India, CD block in the Barasat Sadar subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Sabdalpur is located at . Ashoknaga ...

with 30 beds functions as the main medical facility in Habra II CD Block. There are primary health centres at Bira Ballabhpur (Pukurkona PHC with 10 beds) and Sendanga (Pumlia PHC with 6 beds). Habra II block is one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.

References

{{North 24 Parganas topics Community development blocks in North 24 Parganas district