Habei (; also known as Mani 玛尼哈备村玛尼人传统思维方式探析
/ref>) is a Southern

Loloish language The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relat ...

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. Hsiu (2018)Hsiu, Andrew. 2018
Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages
suggests that Habei belongs to the Bisoid branch.

Background

Habei is spoken in only one village, namely Habei village 哈备村, Zhemi Township 者米乡,

Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County () is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lai Châu Province to the south. Jinping is home to the Red-headed Yao () minority group who wear ...

, Yunnan (''Jinping County Ethnic Gazetteer'' 2013:89, 101). The Habei people refer to their village as ''Kuang An'' (况安), meaning 'old village' (< ''kuang'' 'village' + ''an'' 'old').Dao Jie ��洁. 2012. 哈备村:哈尼文化兼收并蓄的缩影. In ''Ethnic Today'' ��日民族br>2012(9)
The Habei still preserve traditional animist rituals. The Habei language has been documented by Yan (1995) and He & Liu (2011).

Names

Autonym Autonym may refer to: * Autonym, the name used by a person to refer to themselves or their language; see Exonym and endonym * Autonym (botany), an automatically created infrageneric or infraspecific name See also * Nominotypical subspecies, in zo ...

s and

exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

s for the Habei are as follows (Yan 1995:60). *autonym: (蛮尼) *Yao exonym: (单嘎) *Lahu exonym: (哈背) *Miao exonym: (哈备) *Zhuang exonym: (牙乌) *Hani exonym: , (哈备)

Phonology

Habei has 32

onset Onset may refer to: *Onset (audio), the beginning of a musical note or sound *Onset, Massachusetts, village in the United States **Onset Island (Massachusetts), a small island located at the western end of the Cape Cod Canal *Interonset interval, ...

s and 62

rime Rime may refer to: *Rime ice, ice that forms when water droplets in fog freeze to the outer surfaces of objects, such as trees Rime is also an alternative spelling of "rhyme" as a noun: *Syllable rime, term used in the study of phonology in ling ...

s (Yan 1995:67). The

consonant inventory In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-west o ...

is similar to that of standard Hani of

Lüchun County Lüchun County () is located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, in the south of Yunnan province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lai Châu Province to the south. Administrative divisions In the present, Lüchun County has 4 towns and 5 towns ...

, but also has /f/ and /v/, which Lüchun Hani does not have. Final consonants are -p, -t, -k, -m, -n, and -ŋ. There are 6 tones. In songs, only 4 tones are recognizable (Yan 1995:67).

Phrase examples

The following Habei phrase examples are from Yan (1995:69-70). Adjectives follow

head noun In linguistics, the head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase. For example, the head of the noun phrase ''boiling hot water'' is the noun ''water''. Analogously, the head of a compound is the s ...

Sentence examples

The following Habei sentence examples are from Yan (1995:68-69). Habei has

SOV word order SOV may refer to: * SOV, Service Operations Vessel * SOV, a former ticker symbol for Sovereign Bank * SOV, a legal cryptocurrency created by the Sovereign Currency Act of 2018 of the Republic of the Marshall Islands * SOV, the National Rail station ...

References

*He Shaoming 何绍明; Liu Jieting 刘洁婷. 2011. 国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国金平县者米哈尼族哈备人文化实录. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press 云南人民出版社. *Yan Hongxin ��红兴 1995. "Jinpingxian Hanizu Habeiren qingkuang diaocha" ��平县哈尼族哈备人情况调查 In ''Jinping shaoshu minzu de lishi he wenhua'' ��平少数民族的历史和文化 p.59-72. Kunming: Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House ��南民族出版社 *You Weiqiong ��伟琼 2013. ''Classifying ethnic groups of Yunnan'' ��南民族识别研究 Beijing: Nationalities Press ��族出版社 {{Lolo-Burmese languages Southern Loloish languages Languages of Yunnan