The HVDC Gotland, on the
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
east coast, was the first fully commercial static plant for high-voltage direct current transmission (
HVDC
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating curre ...
) in the world.
Gotland 1
The first HVDC Gotland link (Gotland 1) went into service in 1954. It could transfer 20 megawatts over a 98-kilometer-long submarine cable between
Västervik
Västervik is a city status in Sweden, city and the seat of Västervik Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden, with 36,747 inhabitants in 2021. Västervik is one of three coastal towns with a notable population size in the province of Småland.
Cl ...
on the mainland and
Ygne on the island of
Gotland
Gotland (, ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a province, county, municipality, and diocese. The province includes the islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the ...
, with a voltage of 100 kV. As a static
inverter
A power inverter, inverter or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opp ...
,
Mercury arc valve
A mercury-arc valve or mercury-vapor rectifier or (UK) mercury-arc rectifier is a type of electrical rectifier used for converting high-voltage or high-current alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It is a type of cold cathode gas-fil ...
s were used.
In 1970 the service was re-engineered to transmission capacity of 30 megawatts at a voltage of 150 kV by using the first
thyristor
A thyristor () is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P- and N-type materials used for high-power applications. It acts exclusively as a bistable switch (or a latch), conducting when the gate receives a current ...
module for HVDC applications.
Gotland 2
However even this capacity was not high enough and in 1983 a new monopolar link, HVDC Gotland 2 with a transmission capacity of 130 MW and a transmission voltage of 150 kV was established. It consists of a 92.9 kilometers long cable with a single copper conductor of 800 mm
2 cross section, from which 92 kilometres are submarine and 0.9 kilometres underground. Beside this, HVDC Gotland 2 has a 6.6 kilometres long overhead powerline section between Västervik static inverter plant and the Swedish Coast. It has 2 Aluminium conductors each with a cross section of 910 mm
2, which are installed on wooden poles - perhaps the only HVDC powerline using such poles.
Gotland 3
In 1987 HVDC Gotland 3, a further monopolar link, with a transmission capacity of 130 MW and transmission voltage of 150 kV was installed. It consists of a 98 kilometers long cable with a single copper conductor of 800 mm
2 cross section. 92 kilometres of this cable are laid in the sea and 6 kilometres underground on land.
Structure
The grounding electrode of the Västervik Inverter Station is situated at Almvik on Östra Eknö, that of Ygne Inverter Station at Gravfält. Both electrodes are used for Gotland 2 and Gotland 3 and are situated in sea-water filled basins close to the sea. At Almvik there are 2 such basins, while Gravfält uses only one. The basin design of the electrodes prevents fishes from getting too close to the electrodes, which may harm them.
The Almvik electrode is connected with Västervik Inverter Station by an 18.95 kilometres long line with 4 overhead line and 3 submarine cable sections for strait crossings. The overhead line sections, which have a total length of 17 kilometres are installed on wooden poles and consist of 2 Aluminium conductors each with 910 mm
2 cross section. The total length of the cable sections amounts to 1.95 kilometres and consist of 2 cables each with 1000 mm
2 cross section. The connection between Ygne Inverter Station and Gravfält Electrode has a length of 12.75 kilometres. It consists of a 12 kilometres long overhead line on wooden poles, which uses 2 Aluminium conductors each with 910 mm
2 cross section and a 0.75 kilometres long underground cable consisting of 2 Aluminium conductors each with 1000 mm
2 cross section.
Sites
Waypoints
Overhead line on the Swedish Mainland
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Electrode line on the Swedish Mainland
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Electrode line on Gotland
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See also
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Uno Lamm
August Uno Lamm (May 22, 1904 – June 1, 1989) was a Swedish electrical engineer and inventor.
He was sometimes called "The Father of High Voltage Direct Current" power transmission.
During his career, Lamm obtained 150 patents. In 1980 the ...
*
ASEA
''Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget'' (English translation: General Swedish Electrical Limited Company; Swedish abbreviation: ASEA) was a Swedish industrial company.
History
ASEA was founded in 1883 by Ludvig Fredholm in Västerås a ...
References
The Gotland HVDC link (www.abb.com/hvdc) * https://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/GOTLAND.htm
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* https://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/Gotland%20Pictures.pdf
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{{Energy in Sweden
HVDC transmission lines
Gotland
Gotland (, ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a province, county, municipality, and diocese. The province includes the islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the ...
Electric power infrastructure in Sweden
Gotland
Energy infrastructure completed in 1954
1954 establishments in Sweden
Connections across the Baltic Sea