HMS Persian (1809)

HMS ''Persian'' was a built by Daniel List and launched at Cowes in 1809. She captured two privateers before she wrecked in 1813.

Career

She was commissioned under Commander Samuel Colquitt and spent her first year cruising in Channel. On 26 December 1809 she recaptured ''Thames''. The next year, on 24 March, she sailed for the West Indies. Then on 1 October, she was in company with , when ''Owen Glendower'' captured ''Indomptable'' and recaptured ''Roden''.

Colquitt received promotion to post captain on 21 October, the fifth anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar. Her next captain was Commander Charles Bertram, who was appointed on 21 October.

On 5 April 1811, at 2pm, the signal station at Beachy Head signaled to ''Persian'' that a smuggling vessel was discharging her cargo nearby. ''Persian'' set out and after almost eight hours she saw a lugger heading for France. ''Persian'' fired two or three broadsides as she chased the lugger and an hour later the lugger struck. She was the privateer ''Ambuscade'' under the command of Nicholas Augustine Briganda and had been out from Dieppe for some 40 hours. She was armed with 14 guns and carried a crew of 36, though she normally carried 63 men. ''Persian'' sent ''Ambuscade'' into Portsmouth.

On 13 February 1812 ''Persian'', in company with , recaptured ''Arcadia''. ''Arcadia'', Smiley, master, had been sailing from Nova Scotia to the Clyde with a cargo of timber when the French 14-gun privateer ''Gozelle'' iccaptured her. After ''Persian'' recaptured ''Arcadia'', ''Persian'' sent her into Dartmouth, where she arrived on 15 February in a very leaky state and with only the mate, of her original crew, aboard.

On 3 March 1812 ''Persian'' recaptured the American brig ''Hannah''. ''Hannah'', of New York, had sailed from Savannah, with a cargo of timber when a French privateer captured her. After recapturing ''Hannah'', ''Persian'' then set out to try to find the privateer, but without success. The French privateer cutter had taken ''Hannah'' on 1 March, and ''Hannah'' arrived at Plymouth on 3 March, the same day that ''Persian'' had recaptured her.

On 27 March, ''Persian'', based out of Jersey, sighted a lugger sailing west of her. ''Persian'' chased the lugger and fired several broadsides as she did so. After three hours the lugger struck and proved to be the French privateer ''Petit Jean''. She had had to throw eight of her 16 guns overboard during a gale that also washed away eight of her crew of 56. She was under the command of François Clemence and had left her home port of Dieppe eight days before but had not captured any prizes. ''Persian'' sent ''Petit Jean'' into Guernsey, where she arrived the next day.

On 4 October captured the Danish sloop ''Speculation'' and shared the prize money with ''Persian'', , , and by agreement. Then on 17 October ''Persian'' and ''Erebus'' were again in company with ''Podargus'' when ''Podargus'' captured the Danish vessels ''Anna Maria'', ''Twende Brodre'', and two market-boats. Next month, on 11 November ''Podargus'' captured ''Syerstadt'', with ''Persian'' and ''Erebus'' in company.

On 16 December ''Persian'' captured the Danish galliot ''Ebenetzer'', with in company. ''Erebus'' shared in the prize money by agreement with ''Persian''.

Loss

On 3 April 1813, ''Persian'' sailed for the West Indies, still under Bertram's command. On 16 June she was wrecked on the Silver Cays (or Keys) Bank, just north of the island of Hispaniola, after having set out from Port-au-Prince earlier that day. The ''Persian'' ran aground while pursuing the American privateer schooner , captained by John P. Chazal out of Charleston, SC. Bertram tried to lighten ''Persian'' by throwing some guns and stores overboard with the result that she floated off, only to hit another reef. Eventually, despite the crew's exertions, she broke her back and foundered. On 27 June the crew crowded into her four boats (a makeshift raft broke apart) and on 28 June they came ashore between Cabo Frances (formerly called Cap Français) and Cabo Cabron in San Domingo. None of her crew of 126 men was lost. However, 11 seamen took advantage of the opportunity to desert the Navy.

Bertram and part of his crew arrived at Saint Thomas's on 23 July aboard the sloop ''Governor Hodgson'', Darrell, master, which had been sailing from Porto Plate.''LL'', â„–4803.
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The court martial, under Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland, convened in at the Saints in October determined that the loss was the result of either a strong southerly current setting at a rate of 4 knots or that the Admiralty charts showed the shoals 20 miles too far to the south. The court praised the conduct of Bertram, his officers and his crew. Bertram received a promotion to post captain on 7 June 1814, but never served again.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References
* Daly, Gavin (2007) "English Smugglers, the Channel, and the Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1814". ''Journal of British Studies'' 46 (1), pp. 30–46.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Persian (1809)
1809 ships
Cruizer-class brig-sloops
Maritime incidents in 1813
Ships built on the Isle of Wight