HMS Falmouth (L34)

HMS ''Falmouth'' was a ''Shoreham''-class sloop of the British Royal Navy. ''Falmouth'' was built at Devonport Dockyard in 1931–1932. The ship was used as a despatch vessel on the China Station in the 1930s, but the Second World War resulted in her being rearmed, and used for escort duties. From 1952, ''Falmouth'' was used as a stationary drillship until she was scrapped in 1968.

Construction and design

The British Admiralty ordered four sloops as part of the 1930 construction programme, with three ordered from Devonport and one from Chatham dockyard. Classified as repeat ''Shoreham'' or ''Falmouth''-class ships, they, like the four ''Shoreham''-class sloops ordered under the 1929 construction programme, were a lengthened and improved version of the of the 1928 programme, which were themselves a modification of the . They were intended for a dual role of patrol service in overseas stations in peacetime and minesweeping during war.

''Falmouth'' was long overall, with a beam of and a draught of at full load. Displacement was standard and deep load. Two Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers fed two geared steam turbines which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at , giving a speed of .

The ship was completed as a despatch vessel, so had a reduced armament compared with the other members of the class. Main gun armament consisted of a single 4-inch (102 mm) QF Mk V guns mounted forward, on a High-Angle (HA) anti-aircraft mounting, with additional accommodation for the Admiral, his retinue and his staff replaced the aft 4-inch gun and minesweeping gear fitted to the remainder of the class. Four 3-pounder (47 mm) saluting guns completed the ship's gun armament. The ship had a crew of 100 officers and other ranks.

''Falmouth'' was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 31 August 1931. She was launched on 19 April 1932 and completed on 27 October 1932.

Modifications

The repeat ''Shoreham''s were modified in 1937 to 1939 to improve their anti-aircraft capability, with ''Falmouth'' having a second HA 4-inch gun fitted instead of the additional accommodation aft, and a quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun mount added for close-in anti-aircraft duties. In March 1940, she was refitted to add Sonar, and a second quadruple 0.50 machine gun mount added. During the war, the 3-pounders and multiple machine gun mounts were removed, and first two, and later four single Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon added.

The ship's anti-submarine armament was also gradually increased during the war, with the number of depth charges carried increasing from 15 to as many as 60–90. Other wartime changes included the fitting of radar.

Service

China Station

On 30 October 1932, ''Falmouth'' hit a dock wall on leaving the dock, with the resultant damage reported as requiring several weeks to repair. After commissioning and workup, ''Falmouth'' was sent to the China Station where she was used as a despatch vessel for the commanding Admiral, allowing him and his staff to visit ports too small for the cruisers used as his flagship. In September 1933, ''Falmouth'' and the cruiser visited Yokohama in Japan. In March 1934, ''Falmouth'' accompanied the cruiser which carried Admiral Frederic Dreyer, the commander of the China Station, on a visit to the Philippines. In February 1935, ''Falmouth'' carried Admiral Dreyer on a visit to Singapore via Kuching, Sarawak (''Kent'' being too large to navigate the Sarawak River), and was slightly damaged after hitting an uncharted Coral reef off Sarawak. ''Falmouth'' again visited Japan in May 1935, carrying Admiral Dreyer and escorting ''Kent'' which carried Robert Clive, the British Ambassador to Japan on a trip from Yokahama to Matsushima.

In August 1937, in one of the opening actions of the Second Sino-Japanese War, hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in Shanghai. On 17 August 1937, ''Falmouth'' and the destroyer evacuated over 2000 British women and children from Shanghai down-river to Wusong, where the refugees were embarked on liners for onwards transfer to Hong Kong. ''Falmouth'', along with the cruiser and the American cruiser , were moored at Shanghai when they were narrowly missed by Chinese shells during an artillery duel between Chinese troops and Japanese warships on 3 September. On 4 October, ''Falmouth'' evacuated the British Ambassador to China, Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, who had been badly wounded when his car had been strafed by a Japanese aircraft, to Hong Kong.

Second World War

On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, ''Falmouth'' remained on the China Station, carrying out patrols near Hong Kong to intercept any German shipping. In March 1940, ''Falmouth'' was refitted at Hong Kong to add Sonar and improve the ship's armament, and then from 23 March became part of the British Malaya Force - a force of British warships keeping watch on German merchant ships in Dutch East Indies harbours. ''Falmouth'' was to watch Tjilatjap in Java, where the German merchant ship ''Strassfurt'' was present. The German merchant ships were seized by the Dutch following the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940. ''Falmouth'' was then sent to Colombo in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), before being deployed to the Persian Gulf. On 21 June 1940, ''Falmouth'' sank the off the entrance to the Gulf. ''Falmouth'' remained operating in the Gulf until December 1940, when she was refitted at Bombay.

After her refit, ''Falmouth'' returned to duties in the Gulf. On 3–4 April 1941, Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, the former Iraqi Prime Minister, launched a coup d'état, seizing power in Iraq and threatening British interests in Iraq, including the large airbase at RAF Habbaniya. In response, a convoy that was about to set out from Karachi for Malaya carrying a brigade of Indian troops was diverted to Basra in Iraq, with orders to occupy the Basra area, ensuring a base of operations if required. ''Falmouth'' formed part of the escort for the convoy, which arrived at Basra on 18 April, helping to lead the ships of the convoy along the Shatt al-Arab. The landings were not opposed by the Iraqis. ''Falmouth'' escorted more convoys to Basra as the British built up their forces in preparation for the Anglo-Iraqi War. On 25 August 1941 Britain and the Soviet Union invaded Iran, with ''Falmouth'' in charge of the landings at Khorramshahr, carrying two companies of the 3/10th Baluch Regiment. She ran aground when leaving Basra, and the Australian sloop continued on without ''Falmouth'' to ensure that Iranian naval forces at Khorramshahr did not interfere, sinking the Iranian sloop and capturing two Iranian gunboats. ''Yarra'' then waited for ''Falmouth'' to arrive before the two ships landed their troops. In October 1941, ''Falmouth'' was sent to Suez, returning to Ceylon after the Japanese invasion of Malaya in December 1941.

''Falmouth''s duties included escorting convoys between India and Ceylon and Singapore and the Dutch East Indies, until the Japanese captured Singapore and the East Indies. From July to November 1942, ''Falmouth'' was again refitted at Bombay, and then was allocated to convoy escort duties between Bombay, Aden and ports in the Gulf. On 2 May 1943, the German submarine was attacked and badly damaged by a Vickers Wellington bomber from 621 Squadron RAF near Ras Hafun, Somalia. Attacks by aircraft of 621 Squadron and 8 Squadron continued for twelve hours, while a hunter-killer group of ''Falmouth'', the destroyer and the frigate were summoned to finish the submarine off. ''U-852'' attempted to make repairs in a small bay, but ran aground on a mud bank, with the submarine's crew abandoning ship and swimming to shore, where they were captured by shore parties landed by the three British ships and troops from the Somaliland Camel Corps. ''Falmouth'' was refitted at Durban in South Africa in June 1943, after which she was transferred to convoy escort duties along the East coast of Africa. ''Falmouth'' was refitted at Simonstown, South Africa, between December 1943 and February 1944, and again between March and June 1945.

In June 1945, ''Falmouth'' returned to the Indian Ocean, operating off Rangoon and the Burmese coast. She was allocated to take part on Operation Zipper, the planned British seaborne invasion of Malaya in September 1945, but after the Surrender of Japan was diverted to Singapore.

''Falmouth'' returned to Britain at the end of 1946, and was laid up in reserve. It was decided to convert her into a drillship for the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), and after a refit, in January 1952 she was moved to Newcastle-on-Tyne to serve with the Tyne Division of the RNVR as ''Calliope''. She remained as a drillship on the Tyne until 30 April 1968, when she was towed away for scrapping at Blyth, Northumberland.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Falmouth
Shoreham-class sloops
Sloops of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon
1932 ships