HMS Cormorant (1781)

HMS ''Cormorant'' was probably launched in 1780 at Plymouth, Massachusetts. She was commissioned as the Massachusetts privateer ''Rattlesnake'' in 1781. The Royal Navy captured her shortly after she set out on a cruise and purchased her. In November 1781 she carried to England the first news of General Cornwallis's defeat. The Royal Navy registered her under the name ''Cormorant''. In 1783 the navy renamed her ''Rattlesnake''. It paid her off and sold her in 1786.

Privateer ''Rattlesnake''

''Rattlesnake'' was probably drawn by John Peck of Boston, Massachusetts, and probably built at Plymouth in 1780. She was very lightly built and was reputedly very fast. ''Rattlesnake'' had the appearance of a miniature frigate, with detached quarterdeck and forecastle.

''Rattlesnake'' was commissioned on 12 June 1781 under Commander Mark Clark (or Clarke).http://www.awiatsea.com/Privateers/R/Rattlesnake%20Massachusetts%20Ship%20larkhtml#B000003T American War of Independence at Sea: Rattlesnake Massachusetts Ship (Clark). She had barely begun her first cruise when she encountered the 44-gun frigate , Captain James Cumming.

''Assurance'' captured ''Rattlesnake'' on 17 June. He sent her into New York, where she arrived on 8 July. The Royal Navy purchased her on 28 July at Boston.

HMS ''Rattlesnake''

Captain John Melcombe assumed command in September, sailed to England on 29 October, and arrived in late November. Melcombe arrived at the Admiralty on the Sunday evening before 27 November, bearing the news that General Cornwallis had surrendered at Yorktown. (All the reports of Melcombe's arrival refer to him as Captain of His Majesty's sloop ''Rattlesnake''.)

The Navy registered ''Rattlesnake'' on 30 November, as HMS ''Cormorant'', there being a already in service, and just having been lost.

HMS ''Cormorant''

''Cormorant'' underwent fitting at Plymouth between November 1781 and February 1782. On 19 July 1782 ''Cormorant'' recaptured ''Marine''. On 2 July ''Marine'', Rendel, master, had put Torbay, having been chased near Plymouth by a French privateer while ''Marine'' was sailing from Darmouth to Ireland.

On 30 July ''Cormorant'' captured the 10-gun naval cutter west south west of Cape Clear. She was armed with ten 6-pounder guns and had a crew of 50 men under the command of ''lieutenant de fregate'' LeFer. She was nine days out of Brest and taking dispatches to the combined fleets. Before he struck Le Fer threw overboard the dispatches, her logbook and papers, and eight guns. She then arrived at Cork.''Lloyd's List'
№1386.
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In August 1783 the Navy renamed ''Cormorant'' ''Rattlesnake'', and Commander John Melcombe recommissioned her.

HMS ''Rattlesnake''

On 3 November 1783 ''Rattlesnake'' sailed for the Mediterranean.

On 10 November 1784, ''Rattlesnake'', Captain Melcombe, was escorting the merchantman ''Countess of Tuscany'' to Gibraltar when they encountered an Algerine naval squadron of nine ships under the command of an admiral. The Algerine admiral pretended to believe that ''Rattlesnake'' was not a British warship and compelled both vessels to put into Algiers. There the Dey of Algiers detained them for five days before releasing them, without apology.

On 29 November 1785 Commander Thomas Hamilton replaced Melcome.

Fate

In July 1786, ''Rattlesnake'' was paid off. She was sold on 10 October.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References
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* ''New Jersey Archives: Documents Relating to the Revolutionary History of the State of New Jersey'' (1977) Series 2, Vol.5 (AMS Press; New Jersey Historical Society)
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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cormorant (1781)
1780 ships
Ships built in the United States
Captured ships
Sloops of the Royal Navy