HMS Belvidera (1809)

HMS ''Belvidera'' was a 36-gun Royal Navy fifth-rate frigate built in Deptford in 1809. She saw action in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 and continued a busy career at sea into the middle of the 19th century. In 1846 she was reduced to harbour service, in 1860 she became a receiving ship, and she was finally disposed of in 1906.

Service

''Belvidera'' was commissioned in January 1800 under Captain Charles Dashwood. In March, Captain Richard Byron replaced Dashwood.

On 22 July 1810, ''Belvidera'' and , Captain William Ferris, were sailing close to the shore of Studtland, Norway. That evening a boat from ''Belvedera'' sighted three Danish gun-vessels in a large bay. Next day, seven boats from the two frigates attacked the Danes. Two of the Danish vessels, ''Balder'' and ''Thor'', commanded by Lieutenants Dahlreup and Rasmusen, were schooner-rigged. Each mounted two long 24-pounders and six 6-pounder howitzers and had a crew of 45 men. The third gun-vessel carried one long 24-pounder and a crew of 25 men. The British captured both ''Balder'' and ''Thor'' without suffering any casualties, though the Danes lost four men killed. The remaining vessel, Gunboat No. 5, ran up a fiord where her crew abandoned her; the British then burnt her.

In 1811, ''Belvidera'' became the flagship of Admiral Herbert Sawyer on the Halifax station in Nova Scotia.

''Belvidera'' and USS ''Constitution''

''Belvidera'' took part in one of the earliest actions of the War of 1812 when she encountered the American frigates , and on 23 June 1812, five days after the war had started. ''Belvidera'' had been shadowing ''Marengo'' captained by French privateer John Ordronaux. The British were not aware that war had been declared and after returning fire they managed to evade their pursuers during the night. ''Belvidera''s course during the fight had led the Americans away from a British convoy from Jamaica, allowing the convoy to escape attack. ''Belvidera'' arrived in Halifax on 27 June with three prizes that she captured on the way.

On 16 July 1812, ''Belvidera'' was part of a British squadron that gave chase to , another of the United States' heavy frigates, which was on her way from Chesapeake Bay to New York. In the very light winds, both sides put out boats to tow the ships. ''Constitution'' gained an advantage by using her anchors to pull herself about four miles ahead of ''Belvidera''. Captain Byron then copied the manoeuvre of ''Constitution'' and managed to bring the two ships within gunshot. They exchanged fire as a light breeze came up, and by daylight on 19 July ''Constitution'', being newly out of port, was able to escape.

Prize-taking

For the remainder of the war, ''Belvidera'' was active in the blockade of the American coast, capturing many American merchant ships and privateers. Between 1 June 1812 and 14 December 1812, ''Belvidera'' captured a number of merchant vessels:
*brig ''Malcolm'', of 197 tons, sailing from Madeira to Portland, carrying dollars and wine (24 June);
*ship ''Fortune'', of 317 tons, sailing from Cape de Verde to Newbury Port, carrying salt (25 June).
*brig ''Minerva'', of 256 tons, sailing from Liverpool to Boston with coals and salt (6 July; with , and );
*ship ''Oronoko'', of 427 tons, sailing from Lisbon to New York, in ballast (11 July; with ''Africa'', ''Shannon'', ''Aeolus'' and );
*brig ''Hare'', of 246 tons, sailing from Naples to Boston, with brandy, silks, oil, &c. (1 August); and,
*schooner ''Friendship'', of 98 tons, sailing from Charleston to New York, carrying cotton (11 September). Also, they captured the
*ship ''Eleanor'' (23 July).

''Belvidera'', ''Aeolus'', ''Africa'', ''Shannon'' and ''Guerriere'' were among the vessels that shared in the proceeds of the capture of on 16 July. At the time of her capture she mounted 16 guns, had crew of 106 men and was under the command of Lieutenant William M. Crane.

On 21 August ''Belvidera'' captured the U.S. privateer 7-gun schooner ''Bunker's Hill'', with 72 men. On 10 September ''Belvidera'' detained ''Citizen''. Two days later ''Belvidera'' captured the American schooner ''Hiram''.

''Belvidera'' recaptured the Post Office Packet Service packet on 5 January 1813. The had captured ''Nocton'' 11 December 1812. ''Belvidera'' sent ''Nocton'' into Bermuda. After undergoing some refitting ''Nocton'' arrived back at Falmouth on 17 March.

On 8 February 1813, nine boats and 200 men of , ''Belvidera'', and , which were at anchor in Lynhaven Bay, chased and captured the letter of marque schooner ''Lottery'', of 225 tons, and pierced for 16 guns though only carrying six 12-pounder carronades. She had a crew 28 men and was sailing from Baltimore to Bordeaux with a cargo of coffee, sugar, and logwood. In the engagement the British had six men wounded, one of whom later died, but ''Belvidera'' herself suffered no casualties. The Americans suffered 19 men wounded, including their captain, John Southcomb, before they struck. Southcomb died of his wounds and his body was taken ashore.

A week later ''Lottery'' convoyed several prizes to Bermuda. The British took ''Lottery'' into service as the 16-gun schooner .

''Belvidera'' was among the numerous British warships that shared in the capture of the American ship ''St. Michael'' on 10 February. On 25 September 1813, ''Belvidera'', ''Statira'' and were in company when they captured ''Ambition''.

On 19 December and captured ''Rising States''. ''Belvidera'' and shared in the proceeds of the capture by agreement with ''Jaseur''. Then on Christmas Day, ''Belvidera'' captured the schooner , which was attempting to get from Wilmington, North Carolina, to Newcastle, Delaware. The US had purchased ''Vixen'' at Savannah, Georgia, in 1813 but when ''Belvidera'' captured her she had not yet received her armament of 14 guns nor naval stores.

On 7 March 1814, ''Belvidera'', and captured the American privateer ''Mars''. ''Mars'' was armed with 15 guns and had a crew of 70 men. A later report has them destroying her on 10 March. ''Belvidera'' was also among the vessels sharing in the proceeds of the capture of the brigs ''Christina'' and ''Massasoit'' on 3 and 14 March.

On 21 April 1814, ''Belvidera'' captured the US ship , of 256 tons, armed with six guns and with a crew of 17 men. She was sailing from the Marquesas to Philadelphia carrying a cargo of spermaceti oil. ''New Zealander'', a prize to , had departed Valparaiso for the United States and was only one day out of New York when ''Belvidera'' captured her. In addition ''Belvidera'' captured the following American vessels:
*schooner ''Nancy and Polly'', carrying shingles (19 June);
*sloop ''Alonzo'' (22 June);
*sloop ''Hunter'', of 60 tons and nine men, sailing from New Burn to New York, carrying tar and turpentine (24 June).

Post-war

At the end of 1814, ''Belvidera'' was decommissioned at Portsmouth. She was relaunched on 26 September 1817, having been refitted. She made numerous cruises to the Mediterranean, Portugal, Madeira, and the West Indies. In 1834 she took troops to St Kitts and then on a second trip, to Trinidad. On 17 May 1835 she was reported to be at Puerto Rico, where she was attempting to recover either escaped slaves, or slaves that had been improperly sold.

In October 1846 ''Belvidera'' was fitted at Portsmouth as a store depot.

Extract from Tobermory, Isle of Mull Old Parish Records dated 23 August 1847 :-
Robert Kerslake Royal Marine on board H M Ship Belvidera at Tobermory Bay and Ann McQuarrie servant or nurse to a Captain Wellington of H M Ship Belvidara Stationed at Tobermory were married by Revd David Ross Minister of Tobermory.

Fate

''Belvidera'' was fitted as a receiving ship in between August and November 1852, and she served in that role at Portsmouth until 1890.She was sold on 10 July 1906 to J.B. Garham for £1,800.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Belvidera (1809)
Frigates of the Royal Navy
1809 ships
Apollo-class frigates
Ships built in Deptford
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom