HMS Alcmene (1794)

HMS ''Alcmene'' was a 32-gun fifth rate of the Royal Navy. This frigate served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars under the command of several notable officers. ''Alcmene'' was active in several theatres of the war, spending most of her time cruising in search of enemy vessels or privateers, and escorting convoys. She fought at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 and served in the blockade of the French coasts during the later Napoleonic Wars until she was wrecked on the French coast in 1809.

Construction and commissioning

''Alcmene'' was ordered from the yards of Joseph Graham, of Harwich on 14 February 1793, shortly after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. She was laid down there in April that year and launched on 8 November 1794. The ship was completed at Chatham Dockyard by 12 April 1795 and had commissioned under her first commander, Captain William Brown, in January that year. Joining the ''Alcmene'' on 26 March was surgeon William Beatty, who later served aboard at the Battle of Trafalgar, and attended the dying Lord Nelson. Beatty would spend most of the next five years aboard ''Alcmene'', his longest period on a single ship.

Career

''Alcmene'' went out as a convoy escort to the West Indies in November 1795, returning in January the following year and serving on the Lisbon station from August. ''Alcmene''s main tasks involved escorting convoys to and from Oporto and Lisbon, some numbering upwards of 200 merchants; and cruising off the coast in search of enemy warships and privateers.

On 5 November 1796, ''Alcmene'' was in company with , and when they captured the Spanish ship ''Adriana''. ''Alcmene'' took the 14-gun privateer ''Rochelleuse'' off Cape Finisterre on 6 March 1797, while the privateers ''Bonaparte'' and ''Légère'' were taken on 8 January and 22 August 1798 respectively. ''Alcmene'' had been refitting at Spithead when the naval mutiny broke out there. Her crew did not join the mutineers, though there were rumblings of mutiny later in the year aboard her, and several seaman were tried and punished. Captain George Johnstone Hope took command in August 1798 and ''Alcmene'' went out to the Mediterranean. She took part in the Mediterranean campaign of 1798, carrying supplies to the British fleet, and raided enemy shipping.

On 22 August, ''Alcmene'' captured the , of two 6-pounder guns and some swivel guns, and 61 men, off Alexandria. Hope tried to board her before her captain could throw overboard any dispatches she was carrying for Napoleon Bonaparte, then in Egypt. Hope was unsuccessful, but two seamen from ''Alcmene''s crew jumped overboard and were able to retrieve the dispatches before they sank. One of ''Alcemene''s boats was able to rescue the intrepid seamen. The Royal Navy took the gunboat into service as HMS ''Legere''.Winfield (2008), p. 328.

In 1799, ''Alcmene'' helped Horatio Nelson to evacuate the Neapolitan Royal family from Naples ahead of the advancing French armies. She then returned to the Lisbon station.

''Alcmene'' captured the privateer on 26 June 1799. ''Courageaux'' had left Pasajes in company with ''Grand Decide'' and to intercept a convoy from Brazil. ''Courageaux'', though pierced for 32 guns, only had twenty-eight 12 and 9-pounders, some of which she had thrown overboard while ''Alcmene'' chased her. ''Courageaux'' had a crew of 253 men under the command Jean Bernard. After a chase of almost three days, and a one-hour running fight, ''Courageaux'' struck at , which lies slightly west of the Azores. No casualties were reported for either side. On 1 August, ''Alcmene'' captured ''Deux Amis''.

Capture of ''Thetis'' and ''Santa Brigada''

On 15 October 1799, sighted two Spanish frigates. She gave chase and before dawn joined the pursuit. At 7:00 am, the two Spaniards parted company so ''Naiad'' followed ''Santa-Brigida'', together with ''Alcmene'' and , which too had joined the chase, while directing ''Ethalion'', to pursue the other frigate. By 11:30 am, ''Ethalion'' had caught up with her quarry and after a short engagement the Spanish vessel struck her colours.

''Triton'', the fastest of the three British frigates, led the chase. The next morning she struck some rocks as she tried to prevent her quarry from reaching port. ''Triton'' got off the rocks and resumed the chase despite taking on water. She and ''Alcmene'' then exchanged fire with the Spanish frigate, which surrendered before ''Naiad'' could catch up. Four large Spanish ships came out from Vigo but then retreated when the three British frigates made ready to receive them. ''Alcmene'' had one man killed and nine wounded, and ''Triton'' had one man wounded; had two men killed and eight men wounded.

The vessel that ''Ethalion'' captured turned out to be ''Thetis'', under the command of Captain Don Juan de Mendoza. She was homeward-bound from Vera Cruz (Mexico) with a cargo of cocoa, cochineal, and sugar, and more importantly, specie worth 1,385,292 Spanish dollars (£312,000). The vessel that ''Triton'', ''Alcmene'' and ''Naiad'' captured was ''Santa Brigada'', under the command of Captain Don Antonio Pillon. She was carrying drugs, annatto, cochineal, indigo, sugar, and some 1,500,000 dollars. Prize money was paid on 14 January 1800.

''Alcmene'' then returned to Plymouth in November 1799.

Hope's successor, in 1799, was Captain Henry Digby, and ''Alcmene'' joined the squadron blockading the French coast. Captain Samuel Sutton took command in January 1801, and she went at first to Lisbon and then to the Baltic with Sir Hyde Parker's expeditionary force in March 1801. She was present at the Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April that year, as part of Edward Riou's frigate squadron, and suffered five men killed and 19 wounded in the battle. In 1847, The Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Copenhagen 1801" to any remaining survivors of the battle.

Sutton was killed by a sniper's bullet during the battle. ''Alcmene'' then came under the command of Captain Edmund Carlise who was promoted in action from lieutenant, appointed substantively wef 17 July and remaining captain of ''Alcmene'' in the Baltic and Newfoundland until 2 July 1802, according to a transcription of Admiralty Officers' Services, Captains, Vol 1 Folio 7 given to one of his descendants. (An earlier entry on this page suggested either Captain Charles Pater or Captain John Devonshire, noting however that Devonshire returned to Britain with dispatches on in June 1801).

''Alcmene'' went out as a convoy escort to Newfoundland, before returning to British waters and joining the Channel Fleet. Captain John Stiles took command in August 1802, and ''Alcmene'' spent between 1804 and 1805 on the Channel Islands station.

In February 1804 ''Alcmene'' recaptured ''Bee'' of Kingsbridge, and ''Egyptian'' of Warterford and took them into Guernsey.

Captain James Brisbane succeeded Stiles in November 1805 and sailed ''Alcmene'' to the Irish station.

Here she took the privateer ''Courier'' on 4 January 1806. ''Courier'' was the former His Majesty's hired armed cutter . ''Courier'' was pierced for 14 guns but mounted only seven brass 42 and 24-pounder carronades. She had a crew of 70 men, was four days out of Morlaix, and had not captured any prizes.

''Alcmene'' came under her last commander, Captain William Tremlett, in January 1808. Tremlett commanded her in the English Channel.

Fate

''Alcmene'' was wrecked at the mouth of the Loire on 29 April 1809. She was following the 44-gun frigate to reconnoiter the French forces when her pilot's ignorance resulted in her striking Blanche Rock, off Nantes. The ebbing tide made it impossible to get her off and at low tide she broke her back and bilged. Fortunately, ''Amelia'' was able to rescue both the entire crew of ''Alcmene'' and her stores. Her crew then set fire to ''Alcmene''. She burnt to the waterline, leaving little of use to the French.Grocott (1997), p. 278.

Notes

Citations

References

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* Winfield, Rif & Stephen S Roberts (2015) ''French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786 - 1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates''. (Seaforth Publishing).

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alcmene (1794)
Frigates of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Harwich
1794 ships
Shipwrecks in the Bay of Biscay
Maritime incidents in 1809