HMCS Restigouche (DDE 257)

HMCS ''Restigouche'' was the lead ship of the s that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and later the Canadian Forces. Commissioned in 1958, ''Restigouche'' remained in service until 1994. She was sold for use as an artificial reef, however controversy arose over her acquisition and instead she was scuttled off the coast of Mexico in 2001. She was the second Canadian warship to carry the name .

Design and description

Based on the preceding design, the ''Restigouche''s had the same hull and propulsion, but different weaponry.Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 45 Initially the ''St. Laurent'' class had been planned to be 14 ships. However the order was halved, and the following seven were redesigned to take into improvements made on the ''St. Laurent''s. As time passed, their design diverged further from that of the ''St. Laurent''s.Milner, p. 248

The ships had a displacement of , at deep load. They were designed to be long with a beam of and a draught of . The ''Restigouche''s had a complement of 214.Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 251

The ''Restigouche''s were by powered by two English Electric geared steam turbines, each driving a propeller shaft, using steam provided by two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. They generated giving the vessels a maximum speed of .

The ''Restigouche''s were equipped with SPS-10, SPS-12, Sperry Mk 2 and SPG-48 radar along with SQS-501 and SQS-503 sonar.Gardiner and Chumbly, p. 46

Armament

The ''Restigouche''s diverged from the ''St. Laurent''s in their weaponry. The ''Restigouche''s were equipped with two twin mounts of Vickers /70 calibre Mk 6 dual-purpose guns forward and maintained a single twin mount of 3-inch/50 calibre Mk 22 guns aft used in the preceding class.Calibre denotes the length of the barrel. In this case, 50 calibre means that the gun barrel is 50 times as long as it is in diameter A Mk 69 fire control director was added to control the new guns.Boutiller, p. 323 They were also armed with two Limbo Mk 10 mortars and two single Bofors 40 mm guns. However the 40 mm guns were dropped in the final design. The 3 in/70 mounting was placed in the 'A' position and the 3 in/50 mounting was placed in the 'Y' position.

The destroyers were also equipped beginning in 1958 with Mk 43 homing torpedoes in an effort to increase the distance between the ships and their targets. The Mk 43 torpedo had a range of at . They were pitched over the side by a modified depth charge thrower.

Improved Restigouche Escorts (IRE)

As part of the 1964 naval program, the Royal Canadian Navy planned to improve the attack capabilities of the ''Restigouche'' class. Unable to convert the vessels to helicopter-carrying versions like the ''St. Laurent''s due to budget constraints, instead the ''Restigouche''s were to receive variable depth sonar (VDS) to improve their sonar range, placed on the stern, and the RUR-5 anti-submarine rocket (ASROC). The destroyers also received a stepped lattice mast. Called the Improved Restigouche Escorts (IRE), ''Terra Nova'' was the first to undergo conversion, beginning in May 1965. The conversion took ten months to complete, followed by sea trials. The sea trials delayed the conversion of the next ship for four years. By 1969, the budget for naval programs had been cut and only four out of the seven (''Terra Nova'', ''Restigouche'', ''Gatineau'' and ''Kootenay'') would get upgraded to IRE standards and the remaining three (''Chaudière'', ''Columbia'', and ''St. Croix'') were placed in reserve.

The ASROC launcher replaced the 3 in/50 cal twin mount and one Mk 10 Limbo mortars aft. The ASROC was rocket-propelled acoustically-guided Mk 44 torpedo that had a minimum range of and a maximum range of .

Destroyer Life Extension (DELEX)

The Destroyer Life Extension (DELEX) refit for the four surviving ''Restigouche''s was announced in 1978. An effort by Maritime Command to update their existing stock of naval escorts, the DELEX program affected 16 ships in total and came in several different formats depending on the class of ship it was being applied to. On average, the DELEX refit cost $24 million per ship. For the ''Restigouche''s this meant updating their sensor, weapon and communications systems. The class received the new ADLIPS tactical data system, new radar and fire control systems and satellite navigation. They were also fitted with a triple torpedo tube mounting to use the new Mk 46 torpedo.Milner, p. 278 The ships began undergoing their DELEX refits in the early 1980s.Macpherson and Barrie (2002), pp. 251–255 However, by the time the ships emerged from their refits, they were already obsolete as the Falklands War had changed the way surface battles were fought.

Gulf War refit

With the advent of the Gulf War in August 1990, Maritime Command was asked to have a fleet of ships available to send to the Persian Gulf, preferably three ships. The and the replenishment ship would be made part of the task force, however all the other ''Iroquois''-class vessels were in refit. Maritime Command chose from among the remaining fleet the vessel with the best electronic countermeasures suite, ''Terra Nova'', to deploy with the task force.Milner, p. 296 ''Terra Nova'' was quickly altered to make her ready for an active war zone. The ship's ASROC system was landed and instead two quad Harpoon surface-to-surface missile system was installed. A Mk 15 Phalanx close-in weapon system was placed on the quarterdeck in place of the landed Limbo ASW mortar and two 40 mm/60 calibre Boffin guns were installed in single mounts where the ship's boats were. The ship was also fitted with new chaff, electronic and communications systems.Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 255 ''Restigouche'' received a similar refit before deploying as ''Terra Nova''s intended replacement in the Persian Gulf in 1991.Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 254

Service history

''Restigouche'', named for a river that flows through Quebec and New Brunswick, was laid down on 15 July 1953 by Canadian Vickers Ltd., in Montreal, Quebec. The ship was launched on 22 November 1954. While still on sea trials by the builder, ''Restigouche'' collided with the freighter ''Manchester Port'' on 21 November 1957 in the Saint Lawrence River. The ship suffered damage to her portside superstructure and hull.Barrie and Macpherson (1996), pp. 45–46 ''Restigouche'' was commissioned at Montreal on 7 June 1958 with the number DDE 257. In June 1959, ''Restigouche'' took part in the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

In 1961, ''Restigouche'' was the lead ship of the Fifth Canadian Escort Squadron. From 10–18 April, she took part in NATO naval exercises off the Canadian Atlantic coast. In February 1964, ''Restigouche'' was a member of the "Matchmaker" squadron, the predecessor of STANAVFORLANT and took part in naval exercises off Gibraltar.

In 1966, with the restructuring of the Royal Canadian Navy into Maritime Command, ''Restigouche'' was assigned to the Third Canadian Escort Squadron.

The destroyer escort was selected for the IRE program and underwent the modernization beginning in 1970 at Halifax Shipyards. She returned to active duty on 12 May 1972 and was transferred to the west coast, arriving at CFB Esquimalt on 2 August 1973.

In August 1984, ''Restigouche'' was sent to track the Soviet spy ship ''Semen Chelyushkin'' of Cape Flattery. However, ''Restigouche'' only had one turbine working as a defect had been found in its port side turbine at the time. Following that incident, the destroyer escort was taken in hand for her DELEX refit, which began on 3 December 1984. The ship returned to service on 29 November 1985.

In early 1991, ''Restigouche'' was upgraded with a Gulf War refit in preparation for relieving sister ship on station in the Persian Gulf in March 1991. However, before the ship could arrive in the Middle East, the war ended. ''Restigouche'' was then redirected to the Atlantic where she deployed as part of NATO's Standing Naval Force Atlantic, the first west coast-based ship to do so. On 24 February 1992, ''Restigouche'' was dispatched to the Red Sea as part of a force intended to respond if Iraq resumed hostilities. The destroyer escort arrived in the Red Sea on 18 April and was assigned the job of inspecting all the shipping going into the port of Aqaba. While performing these duties, she became the first Canadian warship to make official visits to Saudi Arabia and Israel.Morin and Gimblett, p. 254 Her duties ended on 4 July and returned to Esquimalt on 18 August.

''Restigouche'' was paid off on 31 August 1994. In November 2000, she, along with sister ship , was towed to Mexico for use as an artificial reef. The acquisition of ''Restigouche'' and ''Kootenay'' for use as artificial reefs became a source of controversy in Mexico. ''Restigouche'' and ''Kootenay'' were purchased by businessmen Carlos Estrabeau and Josefat Cortés, for $160,000 from the Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia (ARSBC) after the two men were inspired by ARSBC's work with other former Canadian ships off the coast of British Columbia. Supported by their government, controversy arose after an investigation by the Acapulco-based newspaper ''La Jornada El Sur'' found that $100,000 of the total amount paid for the destroyer escorts had come from a government anti-poverty fund. Dubbed "Reefgate", it was later found that the owners did not have the permits to create an artificial reef and were fined by the government. The former destroyer escort was sunk off Acapulco on 11 June 2001. The ship was towed into Acapulco Bay and scuttled in of water by the government who feared that the derelict ship would become a navigational hazard during the hurricane season.

Ship's bell

The Christening Bells Project at Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt Naval and Military Museum includes information from the ship's bell of ''Restigouche'', which was used for baptism of babies on board ship. The bell is currently held by the Royal Canadian Legion, Lantzville, British Columbia. The bell contains christenings and marriages 1941–1979.

References

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External links

Canadian Navy of Yesterday & Today: Restigouche class destroyer escort

'' "Canada's Fabulous Submarine Killer...HMCS Restigouche" '', by Wayne Wittaker
March 1959 article in Popular Mechanics with cutaway illustration of ship

{{DEFAULTSORT:Restigouche, Hmcs
Restigouche-class destroyers
Cold War destroyers of Canada
Shipwrecks of the Mexican Pacific coast
1954 ships