HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45)

HMAS ''Jervis Bay'' (AKR 45) was a wave piercing catamaran that operated in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Built by Incat in Tasmania and launched in 1997 as ''Incat 045'', the ship was chartered to TT-Line as ''Tascat'' to supplement cross- Bass Strait services until the company acquired new ships. The catamaran remained laid up until 1999, when she was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy as a troop and equipment transport, becoming the first large catamaran to enter naval service. ''Jervis Bay'' operated in support of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce until May 2001, when she was decommissioned and returned to the builder.

In 2002, the ferry was sent to Europe, operating briefly in the Mediterranean before being chartered by Speed Ferries for a cross-English Channel ferry service as HSC ''SpeedOne''. She is now owned by Condor Ferries and is named HSC ''Condor Rapide''.

Construction

The ship was laid down as ''Incat 045'' in 1997, at Incat's shipyards in Hobart, Tasmania. She was launched in November 1997. The catamaran had not been ordered by any company.

Four Ruston 20RK270 medium-speed diesels propel the catamaran at speeds of up to .

Operational history

TT-Line

The ship's first period of service was on charter to TT-Line, for service between Melbourne, Victoria and Devonport, Tasmania. Named ''Tascat'', the ship ran in conjunction with the first ''Spirit of Tasmania'' until the new ferries and entered service, at which point she was laid up.

RAN

After an increase in instability in nations near Australia, the Australian Defence Force sought to upgrade a second brigade-size group to activation on short notice.Morrison, Rixon, & Dudley, ''Chartering and HMAS Jervis Bay'' Delays in refitting the two ''Kanimbla'' class vessels acquired from the United States Navy several years earlier meant that the RAN's sealift capability had to be supplemented in order to support two brigades. The RAN sought a large, high-speed catamaran from either Incat or Australian Ships (later named Austal): both companies had vessels available, but only Incat was able to provide a ship before June 1999. A two-year bareboat charter was signed for ''Incat 045'' in May 1999, and the vessel was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS ''Jervis Bay'' on 10 June 1999.

For military service, the catamaran was modified with enlarged fuel tanks to extend her range to and additional air conditioning units to improve equipment operational reliability in tropical climates. Sections of the vehicle deck were reinforced to support up to nine tons of weight per axle, allowing the vessel to transport most Australian Army vehicles. The catamaran's vehicle ramp was modified so it could be self-deployed, instead of requiring dock facilities. After modification, ''Jervis Bay'' could transport 500 troops, plus their equipment, supplies, and vehicles. In order to maintain a high operational tempo without personnel fatigue or burnout, two ships' companies of 20 (including five Army personnel responsible for the embarcation, storage, and disembarcation of Army personnel and equipment) were established; a practice later used by the RAN on patrol boats and survey ships. Because ''Jervis Bay'' was designed for short-haul voyages, crew and passenger facilities were limited: little potable water was carried, cooking facilities were minimal, and there were no sleeping facilities for the crew. Later modifications included the installation of additional water tanks, and the fitting of 20 bunks.

Based in Darwin after commissioning, ''Jervis Bay'' was in a fortuitous position to respond to the 1999 East Timorese crisis, and was used to provide logistic support to the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce. The catamaran was the first RAN ship to reach Dili; deploying 3RAR to the city's damaged docks on 12 September. ''Jervis Bay'' was then used to transport soldiers and equipment between Darwin and Dili: she was capable of sailing the in around 11 hours at an average speed of approximately .Polson, ''Navy goes Down Under, explores future of amphib warfare'' The catamaran was also used to transport humanitarian aid, and relocate displaced persons.

During the two years of the ship's charter by the RAN, ''Jervis Bay'' made 107 trips between Darwin and East Timor, shipping 20,000 passengers, 430 vehicles and 5,600 tonnes of freight, becoming known as the "Dili Express".Frame, ''No Pleasure Cruise'', p. 290 Running the catamaran was found to be more efficient than using air transport to move materiel to and from East Timor, with the higher sailing speed meaning she could turn around a payload faster than multiple C-130 Hercules flights for an equivalent load.

In March 2010, the ship was retroactively awarded the battle honour "East Timor 1999–2000".

The successful use of a catamaran in military logistics operations led to the acquisition of three Incat catamarans by the United States military ( ''Joint Venture'' (Incat 050), ''Spearhead'' (060), and ''Swift'' (061)) and prompted the development of the ''Independence'' class littoral combat ships as trimarans.

Decommissioning and post-RAN operations

''Jervis Bay'' was decommissioned on 11 May 2001. The total cost of hiring ''Jervis Bay'' was A$16 million. The ship was not returned to Incat until 2002, when she was chartered to Italian ferry company TRIS and named ''Winner''. She operated between Genoa and Palau in Italy, until the company's collapse later that year. She was laid up again, until she was purchased by United Kingdom cross-channel operator SpeedFerries in 2004 and renamed HSC ''SpeedOne''. On 26 March 2010, it was announced that the ferry had been acquired by Condor Ferries, and would enter service in late May under the name ''Condor Rapide''.

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jervis Bay
Ferries of Australia
Troop ships of the Royal Australian Navy
Incat high-speed craft
1997 ships
Individual catamarans
Military catamarans