''Guildford'' was a two-decker merchant ship launched in 1810. She transported

convict A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convict ...

s to

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

. Of her eight voyages delivering convicts, for three she was under charter to the British

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

(EIC). She underwent major repairs in 1819, her hull was sheathed in copper in 1822; in 1825 she received new wales, top sides and deck, the copper was repaired and other repairs. ''Guildford'' was lost without a trace in 1831.

Voyages

''Guildford'' entered the ''Register of Shipping'' in 1810 with Johnson, master, Mangles, owner, and trade London—Jamaica.''Register of Shipping'' (1810), "G" supplemental pages.
/ref> Magnus Johnson was ''Guildford''s captain on her first seven voyages. On 4 July 1811 he received a letter of marque, which authorised ''Guildford'', while under his command, to engage in offensive, and not just defensive, action against the French.

First convict voyage (1811-1813)

On her first convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left London on 3 September 1811 in company with . She reached Rio de Janeiro on 27 October, and arrived at

Port Jackson Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea (p ...

on 18 January 1812. ''Guildford'' carried 200 male convicts, one of whom died during the voyage. ''Guildford'' departed Port Jackson bound for

Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...

on 29 March 1812. By 6 June ''Guildford'' had arrived at

Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...

. Homeward bound and under charter to the EIC, on 24 August she passed

Saugor Sagar is a city, municipal corporation and administrative headquarter in Sagar district of the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Situated on a spur of the Vindhya Range, above sea-level. The city is around northeast of state capital ...

. She reached the

Cape A cape is a clothing accessory or a sleeveless outer garment which drapes the wearer's back, arms, and chest, and connects at the neck. History Capes were common in medieval Europe, especially when combined with a hood in the chaperon. Th ...

on 9 December and

St Helena Saint Helena () is a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote volcanic tropical island west of the coast of south-western Africa, and east of Rio de Janeiro in South America. It is one of three constitu ...

on 1 January 1813, and arrived at the Downs on 14 May. She was next reported to have left

on 22 December 1814 in company with the

whaler A whaler or whaling ship is a specialized vessel, designed or adapted for whaling: the catching or processing of whales. Terminology The term ''whaler'' is mostly historic. A handful of nations continue with industrial whaling, and one, Japa ...

. ''Guildford'' parted from ''Spring Grove'' at , and arrived back at Gravesend on 31 January 1815.

Second convict voyage (1815-1816)

On her second convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left Ireland in 1815 and arrived at Port Jackson on 8 April 1816. She embarked with 228 male convicts, one of whom died on the voyage. ''Guildford'' left on 23 June, bound for Batavia.

Third convict voyage (1817-1818)

On her third convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left

Cork Cork or CORK may refer to: Materials * Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product ** Cork (plug), a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container ***Wine cork Places Ireland * Cork (city) ** Metropolitan Cork, also known as G ...

on 14 November 1817. She travelled via

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

and arrived at Port Jackson on 1 April 1818. She embarked 200 male convicts, one of whom died during the voyage.

Fourth convict voyage (1820-1821)

On her fourth convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left Portsmouth on 14 May 1820, with 190 male convicts (Surgeon Superintendent, Dr. Hugh Walker). She travelled via

Simon's Town Simon's Town ( af, Simonstad), sometimes spelled Simonstown, is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa and is home to Naval Base Simon's Town, the South African Navy's largest base. It is located on the shores of False Bay, on the eastern sid ...

(Cape Town's winter naval base at the time), where she picked up four additional convicts (making a total of 194 convicts transported), and arrived at Port Jackson on 30 September. Only five convicts were taken off in Sydney; she landed the other 188 in

Van Diemen's Land Van Diemen's Land was the colonial name of the island of Tasmania used by the British during the European exploration of Australia in the 19th century. A British settlement was established in Van Diemen's Land in 1803 before it became a sepa ...

after she arrived at Hobart on 28 October 1820. No convicts died on ''Guildford''s fourth journey.

Fifth convict voyage (1822)

On her fifth convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left London on 7 April 1822, arrived at Port Jackson on 15 July. She embarked 190 male convicts, one of whom died during the voyage.

Sixth convict voyage (1823-1824)

On her sixth convict voyage, ''Guildford'' left Portsmouth on 18 August 1823, and arrived at Port Jackson on 5 March 1824. ''Guildford'' sprang a leak after leaving Teneriffe. When she arrived at Rio de Janeiro she had to be repaired. During the work, which took some two months, a hulk that the Brazilian government provided housed the convicts and their guards. ''Guildford'' embarked 160 male convicts, one of whom died an accidental death during the voyage. On her return to England, ''Guildford'' underwent a thorough repair. The EIC required that before she sailed for the Company she undergo a dry-dock survey, which she passed. At this time, Magnus Johnson and James Mangles acquired ''Guildford''.

EIC voyage (1825-1826)

Next, ''Guildford'' made a voyage to Madras and Bengal for the EIC. Magnus Johnson was still her captain and he left Torbay on 26 May 1825. ''Guildford'' reached

Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

on 5 September and then went on to Calcutta. On her return voyage she reached Madras on 11 January 1826 and St Helena on 23 March, and arrived at the Downs on 30 May.

Seventh convict voyage (1827-1828)

For her seventh convict voyage, Mangles and the EIC agreed a freight rate of £10 10 s for ''Guildford'' to bring home teas from China. ''Guildford'' left

Plymouth Plymouth () is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west. Plymouth ...

on 31 March 1827, arrived at Port Jackson on 25 July. She had embarked 190 male convicts, one of whom died during the voyage. ''Guildford'' then sailed to China, arriving at Whampoa on 13 November 1827. For her homeward voyage for the EIC she crossed the Second Bar, about downriver from Whampoa, on 5 December, reached St Helena on 18 February 1828, and arrived at the Downs on 12 April. Although the 1829 ''Lloyd's Register'' still showed Mangles as ''Guildford''s owner, the 1830 edition of the ''Register of Shipping'' showed her new owner as T. Ward, and her master as Harrison.''Register of Shipping'' (1830), Seq.№G498.
/ref>

Eighth convict voyage (1829-1830)

Under the command of Robert Harrison, ''Guildford'' left Dublin, Ireland on 12 July 1829, on her eighth convict voyage. She arrived at Port Jackson on 4 November. She embarked 200 male convicts, four of whom died during the voyage. ''Guildford'' left Port Jackson on 19 January 1830, bound for Bombay. She was carrying a detachment of soldiers for India that she delivered on 14 April 1830. Harrison then sailed for China.

Fate

''Guildford'' left China on 14 November 1830 and

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

on 29 December homeward bound to England. She was wrecked in the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...

(approximately ) in late April or early May 1831 with the ultimate loss of all on board. On 8 May, ''Margaret'' sighted the wreck of the ship. A raft constructed from the ship's rigging was also sighted, but nobody was on board. The entry for ''Guildford'' in the 1832 volume of the ''Register of Shipping'' has the notation "LOST" appended.''Register of Shipping'' (1832), Seq. №G516.
/ref>

Citations

References

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Guildford (1810 ship) 1810 ships Ships built on the River Thames Convict ships to New South Wales Convict ships to Tasmania Maritime incidents in 1831 Ships of the British East India Company Age of Sail merchant ships Merchant ships of the United Kingdom