Gryllacrididae are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder

Ensifera Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies including: true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, weta and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera (grasshop ...

occurring worldwide, known commonly as leaf-rolling crickets or raspy crickets. The family historically has been broadly defined to include what are presently several other families, such as

Stenopelmatidae The family Stenopelmatidae is composed of large, mostly flightless insects resembling crickets (the family Gryllidae). Two genera: ''Ammopelmatus'' and the type genus ''Stenopelmatus'' are found in the New World. ''Oryctopus'' and ''Sia'' are Old ...

("Jerusalem crickets") and

Rhaphidophoridae The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae of the suborder Ensifera has a worldwide distribution. Common names for these insects include cave wētā, cave crickets, camelback crickets, camel crickets, Hogan bugs, spider crickets (sometimes shortene ...

("camel crickets"), now considered separate. As presently defined, the family contains two subfamilies:

Gryllacridinae Gryllacridinae is an Orthopteran subfamily in the family Gryllacrididae. Tribes and Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists: Ametrini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019; ;genus group Ametrae Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 distribution: Australi ...

and

Hyperbaeninae HyperbaeninaeCadena-Castañeda (2019) ''Zootaxa'' 4605(1): 11. is a subfamily of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacrididae; ''Hyperbaenus ensifer'' is the type species. The known distribution includes t ...

.Orthoptera Species File: family Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845 (version 5.0: retrieved 19 July 2019)
/ref> They are commonly wingless and

nocturnal Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens ...

. In the daytime, most species rest in shelters made from folded leaves sewn with

silk Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the coc ...

. Some species use silk to burrow in sand, earth or wood. Raspy crickets evolved the ability to produce silk independently from other insects, but their silk has many convergent features to silkworm silk, being made of long, repetitive proteins with an extended beta-sheet structure.

Subfamilies, tribes and selected genera

The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists two subfamilies:

Gryllacridinae Gryllacridinae is an Orthopteran subfamily in the family Gryllacrididae. Tribes and Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists: Ametrini Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019; ;genus group Ametrae Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 distribution: Australi ...

;tribe Ametrini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Ametrus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 * '' Apterolarnaca'' Gorochov, 2004 ;tribe Ametroidini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Ametroides'' Karny, 1928 * '' Glomeremus'' Karny, 1937 ;tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Eremus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Gryllacridini Blanchard, 1845 * ''

Camptonotus ''Camptonotus'' is a genus of leaf-rolling crickets in the subfamily Gryllacridinae. It includes the following species are all found in the Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass compris ...

'' Uhler, 1864 * ''

Furcilarnaca ''Furcilarnaca'' Gorochov AV (2004) ''Ent. Rev.'' 84(8): 907. is an Asian genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets', in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and tribe Gryllacridini (genus group Metriogryllacrae). Species have b ...

'' Gorochov, 2004 * ''

Gryllacris ''Gryllacris''Serville (1831) ''Ann. Sci. nat.'' 22(86): 138. is a genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacridinae. It is the type genus for the family, tribe Gryllacridini and its subfamily. The ...

'' Serville, 1831 – type genus * ''

Larnaca (cricket) ''Larnaca''Walker F (1869) ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum'' 1: 190. is an Asian genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets', in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and ...

'' Walker, 1869

Hyperbaeninae HyperbaeninaeCadena-Castañeda (2019) ''Zootaxa'' 4605(1): 11. is a subfamily of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacrididae; ''Hyperbaenus ensifer'' is the type species. The known distribution includes t ...

;tribe Asarcogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''

Asarcogryllacris ''Asarcogryllacris''Karny (1937) ''Genera Insectorum'' 206: 120. is an Asian genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets': in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and tribe Asarcogryllacridini. Species have been recorded from Indo ...

'' Karny, 1937 * ''

Zalarnaca ''Zalarnaca''Gorochov AV (2005) ''Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie'' 84(4): 820. is an Asian genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets': in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and tribe Asarcogryllacridini. Species have been recorde ...

'' Gorochov, 2005 ;tribe Capnogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''

Capnogryllacris ''Capnogryllacris'' is a genus of leaf-rolling crickets in the subfamily Gryllacridinae Gryllacridinae is an Orthopteran subfamily in the family Gryllacrididae. Tribes and Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists: Ametrini Auth.: Ca ...

'' Karny, 1937 (synonym ''Marthogryllacris'' Karny, 1937) * ''

Woznessenskia ''Woznessenskia''Gorochov AV (2002) ''Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie'' 81(2): 334. is an Asian genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets', in the subfamily Hyperbaeninae and tribe The term tribe is used in many differ ...

'' Gorochov, 2002 ;tribe Hyperbaenini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''

Hyperbaenus ''Hyperbaenus'' is a genus of South American Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacridinae. It is the type genus for its tribe Hyperbaenini and the new subfamily Hyperbaeninae. Species The ''Orthopter ...

'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – type genus for subfamily ;tribe Paragryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''

Paragryllacris ''Paragryllacris'' is a genus of Australian Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacridinae, erected by the Swiss entomologist Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl (13 June 1823, Bern � ...

'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Phryganogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Phryganogryllacris'' Karny, 1937

Fossil taxa (unplaced)

*'' Plesiolarnaca'' † *'' Pseudogryllacris'' † *'' Xenogryllacris'' † - ''X. reductus'' Riek, 1955 Note: The genus ''

Lezina ''Lezina'' is a cricket genus and the sole genus in the subfamily Lezininae found in northern Africa and the Middle-East; it was formerly included in the family Gryllacrididae Gryllacrididae are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder ...

'' of the subfamily Lezininae is now placed in the family

Anostostomatidae Anostostomatidae is a family of insects in the order Orthoptera, widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. It is named Mimnermidae or Henicidae in some taxonomies, and common names include ''king crickets'' in South Africa and ''wētā'' i ...

References

External links

* * Article discussing Gryllacrididae and its behavior {{Taxonbar, from=Q1189822 Orthoptera families Articles containing video clips