Group on International Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace
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The Group on International Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace''
(GIPGAP)
is an international multi-disciplinary team of academics and researchers. The group has been undertaking extensive research into social attitudes to
peace Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. ...
and
war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...
, using the Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Scale, or PAIRTAPS. There is no shortage of critical literature on peace and war. However this is the first-ever global study of the attitudes of ordinary citizens to peace and war. GIPGAP is co-ordinated by Kathleen Malley-Morrison of
Boston University Boston University (BU) is a Private university, private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, but has a historical affiliation with the United Methodist Church. It was founded in 1839 by Methodists with ...
, and has its origins in an earlier group that investigated domestic violence within a project entitled International Perspectives on Family Violence and Abuse. The GIPGAP project involves surveying and analysis of the views of citizens from more than 30 countries —covering North America,
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
,
Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
,
Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
,
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...
, the
Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...
,
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, the
Asia Pacific Asia-Pacific (APAC) is the part of the world near the western Pacific Ocean. The Asia-Pacific region varies in area depending on context, but it generally includes East Asia, Russian Far East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and Pacific Isla ...
,
South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth descr ...
, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.


GIGAP membership

The GIPGAP website indicates the membership as follows:


Research instrument

The basic research instrument, the Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Scale, is an online survey, utilizing aspects of both
qualitative research Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation. This ...
and quantitative research. Respondents are encouraged to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with certain propositions and the instrument also encourages respondents to make specific comment upon issues. The survey is available to respondents in a range of language versions, including English, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese.


Research findings

Preliminary findings for individual countries can be found in the publications list and especially the 4-volume publication in 2009 by Praeger International. In general, there was disapproval for the notion that nations should have a right to invade other nations, disapproval for the use of torture, disapproval for the killing of
civilians Civilians under international humanitarian law are "persons who are not members of the armed forces" and they are not " combatants if they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war". It is slightly different from a non-combatant ...
, approval for the right to protest war, and tentative approval for the notion of a right to peace. Women were very much in support of the notion of the right of children to grow up in a world of peace. Further research, analysis and scholarly publication is planned for the future.


GIPGAP research publications


Books

* GIPGAP (2009) State Violence and the Right to Peace. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. 4 Volumes. Westport: Praeger Security International. * GIPGAP (2013) International Handbook on War, Torture and Terrorism. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. New York: Springer. * GIPGAP (2013) International Handbook on Peace and Reconciliation. Ed. K. Malley-Morrison. New York: Springer.


Journal articles

*Ashy, M.A. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007). Attitudes towards war in the Middle East from an extremism model perspective. International Psychology Bulletin,11, 8–11. *Castanheira, H., Corgan, M. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007). Is peace possible? Citizens´ views. Peace Psychology *Corgan, M., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2008, Spring). Operation Urgent Folly. International Psychology Bulletin, 28–30. *Corgan, M., Malley-Morrison, K., & Castanheira, H. (2008). Peace restoration: An ecological formulation. Peace Psychology. 16(2): 8–9. *Daskalopoulos, M., Zaveri, T., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2006). Greek, Spanish and American perspectives on the right of a country to invade. Peace Psychology, 15(2), 12–14. *Hashim, K. & Malley-Morrison, K. (2007. Summer). Attitudes toward international treaties and human rights agreements, Peace Psychology, 16, 1 *Lee, Y., Jang, M., Malley-Morrison, K. (2008, Summer). Perceptions of Child Maltreatment in European Americans, Korean Americans, and Koreans. International Psychology Bulletin, 12, 13–16. *Malley-Morrison, K., & Castanheira, H. (2008). Can governmental aggression be acceptable? Views from the United States and Spain. International Psychology Bulletin, 12(1), 16–21. *Malley-Morrison, K., Corgan,M., & Castanheira, H.(2007, Fall). Security as an individual and international Issue, International Psychology Bulletin, 11, 30–32. *Malley-Morrison, K., Daskalopoulos, M., & You, H-S. (2006, winter). International perspectives on governmental aggression, International Psychology Reporter, 19–20. *Malley-Morrison, K. et al. (2006, spring). International perspectives on war and peace. Peace Psychology, 15(1), 6–7. *Mercurio, A. E., You, H. S., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2006, Spring). Reasoning about parental rights to physically discipline children in the United States and Korea. International Psychology Bulletin, 10, 12–13.


External links


GIPGAPPersonal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace ScaleAPO online information
{{authority control Boston University International research institutes Peace organizations