Governor (Les Invalides, France) on:
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The
Since creation, the Hôtel des Invalides (french:
File:Cour d'honneur des Invalides, Paris 11 June 2013.jpg, Honorary Courtyard (french: Cour d'Honneur) with National colors.
File:HoteldesInvalides-P07.jpg, Dôme of the
;Gouverneurs des Invalides
* 1670-1678 : François Lemaçon d’Ormoy (1***-1677)
* 1678-1696 : Chevalier André Blanchard de Saint-Martin de Taley (1613-1696)
* 1696-1705 :
File:Colonnade des Invalides.jpg, ''Colonnade'' of
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
of Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
(french: Gouverneur des Invalides) is a French military
The French Armed Forces (french: Forces armées françaises) encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air and Space Force and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic. The President of France heads the armed forces as Chief of the Armed Forces.
France ...
personality and figure, named by the French Government
The Government of France ( French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
(french: Le Gouvernement Français) to direct the institution of the Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
(french: Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
) of Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
.
History
Since creation, the Hôtel des Invalides (french: Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
) was directed by Governors until 1792. A General Administration Council (french: Conseil Général d'Administration) ensured the direction of the institute from 1793 to 1796. Since then, the latter's directorate was exercised successively by Commandants, from 1796 to 1803, Governors from 1803 to 1871, then Commandants from 1871 to 1941, and again by Governors since that date.
Attributions
The function is assured by a général officer nominated for a period of five years by thePresident
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
of France based on the proposition of the Council of Ministers (french: Conseil des Ministers). These attributions are fixed by a decree of February 25, 1961, modified by another decree of May 6, 1991.
The Governors of Les Invalides is member by rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory ...
of Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vari ...
(french: Membre de Droit) to the administration council of the national Institute of Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
, at the title of the representatives of the State, with the title of Vice-President
A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...
. « Designated to represent the President of the Republic, titular protector of the Institution, near by the retired veterans
A veteran () is a person who has significant experience (and is usually adept and esteemed) and expertise in a particular occupation or field. A military veteran is a person who is no longer serving in a military.
A military veteran that ha ...
and military wounded, hospitalized at the Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
, he exhausts all his influence so that the concerned veterans, in all sort of, and under any circumstances, are attested for their service and have the recognition of the Nation
A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those ...
. ».
He is a member by right of Law of the Musée de l'Armée
The Musée de l'Armée (; "Army Museum") is a national military museum of France located at Les Invalides in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is served by Paris Métro stations Invalides, Varenne and La Tour-Maubourg
The Musée de l'Armé ...
. He authorizes all the diverse manifestations and official ceremonies that take lieu at the corps of the Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
(french: Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
), out of which notably the Cathedral Saint-Louis of Les Invalides (french: Cathédrale Saint-Louis des Invalides). He resides in the Hôtel des Invalides, along with his secretariat. If he dies in office while in official function (french: mort en function) tenure, he could be buried in the Governors Vaults.
Since August 1, 2017, the Governor of Les Invalides is général de corps d'armée Christophe de Saint-Chamas, who succeeded to général d'armée Bertrand Ract-Madoux
Bertrand Ract-Madoux (born 9 February 1953) is a retired general in the French Army and a political candidate. He served in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Ivory Coast. He was The Republicans candidate for the 1st constituency of Drôme in the 20 ...
, resigning from the date of May 12, 2017.
Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
.
File:Cour intérieure des Invalides1.jpg, Honorary Courtyard (french: Cour d'Honneur) without National colors.
Governors & Commandants of Les Invalides since 1670
;Gouverneurs des Invalides
* 1670-1678 : François Lemaçon d’Ormoy (1***-1677)
* 1678-1696 : Chevalier André Blanchard de Saint-Martin de Taley (1613-1696)
* 1696-1705 : Nicolas Desroches d’Orange
Nicolas or Nicolás may refer to:
People Given name
* Nicolas (given name)
Mononym
* Nicolas (footballer, born 1999), Brazilian footballer
* Nicolas (footballer, born 2000), Brazilian footballer
Surname Nicolas
* Dafydd Nicolas (c.1705–1774), ...
(french: Nicolas d'Orange des Roches) (1626-1705)
* 1705-1728 : Alexandre de Boyveau (1646-1727), Maréchal de camp
''Maréchal de camp'' (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848.
The rank originated from the older rank of sergeant major general ( French: ''sergent-major général''). Se ...
.
* 1728-1730 : Eugène de Beaulieu de Jauges
* 1730-1738 : Pierre de Vissec de Ganges
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...
(1652-1737)
* 1738-1742 : Joseph de Mornay de Saint-André (1670-1742), designated simultaneously as Marnais de la Bastie, Knight of Saint-André.
* 1742-1753 : Jean-Marie Cornier de la Courneuve (1670-1753)
* 1753-1766 : général François d’Azemard de Panat de la Serre (1695-1766)
* 1766-1783 : Lieutenant-General Jean Joseph Sahuguet d’Espagnac (1713-1783)
* 1783-1786 : Lieutenant-General Charles Benoît de Guibert (1715-1786)
* 1786-1792 : Charles-François Virot, Marquis de Sombreuil (french: Charles François de Virot de Sombreuil
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was " ...
) (1727-1794)
* 1793-1796 : General Council Administration
* 1796-1796 : général Arnaud Baville (french: Arnaud Baville) (1757-1813), Commandant.
* 1796-1797 : général Louis-Adrien Brice de Montigny (french: Louis-Adrien Brice de Montigny), Commandant.
* 1797-1804 : général Jean-François Berruyer (french: Jean-François Berruyer) (1738-1804), Commandant then designated as Governor on August 28, 1803.
* 1804-1815 : Marshal Jean Mathieu Philibert Sérurier (french: Jean Mathieu Philibert Sérurier) (1742-1819)
* 1816-1821 : Marshal François-Henri de Franquetot, duc de Coigny (french: François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny) (1737-1821)
* 1821-1822 : Marshal Louis-Antoine de Lignaud de Lussac (french: Louis-Antoine de Lignaud de Lussac) (1755-1832), interim Governor of the Royal Hotel of Les Invalides from May 19, 1821, until January 1, 1822.
* 1822-1830 : général Victor Marie Nicolas de Faÿ Marquis de La Tour-Maubourg (french: Victor de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg
Marie-Victor-Nicolas de Faÿ, Marquis de La Tour-Maubourg (22 May 1768 – 11 November 1850) was a French cavalry commander under France's Ancien Régime before rising to prominence during the First French Empire.
Under the Restoration, he ser ...
) (1768-1850)
* 1830-1833 : Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1st Count Jourdan (29 April 1762 – 23 November 1833), was a French military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire by Emperor Napoleon I in ...
(french: Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1st Count Jourdan (29 April 1762 – 23 November 1833), was a French military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire by Emperor Napoleon I in ...
) (1762-1833)
* 1833-1842 : Marshal Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey (french: Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey), Duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
de Cornegliano (1754-1842)
* 1842-1847 : Marshal Nicolas Charles Oudinot
Nicolas Charles Oudinot, 1st Count Oudinot, 1st Duke of Reggio (25 April 1767 in Bar-le-Duc – 13 September 1847 in Paris), was a Marshal of the Empire. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle, being hit by artillery shells, sabers, ...
(french: Nicolas Charles Oudinot
Nicolas Charles Oudinot, 1st Count Oudinot, 1st Duke of Reggio (25 April 1767 in Bar-le-Duc – 13 September 1847 in Paris), was a Marshal of the Empire. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle, being hit by artillery shells, sabers, ...
), Duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
de Reggio (1767-1847), died in office while in official function tenure at the age 80.
* 1847-1848 : Marshal of France Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor
Gabriel-Jean-Joseph, 1st Count of Molitor (7 March 1770 – 28 July 1849), was a Marshal of France.
Biography
He was born in Hayingen in Lorraine. Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, Molitor joined the French revolutionary armies as a c ...
(french: Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor
Gabriel-Jean-Joseph, 1st Count of Molitor (7 March 1770 – 28 July 1849), was a Marshal of France.
Biography
He was born in Hayingen in Lorraine. Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, Molitor joined the French revolutionary armies as a c ...
) (1770-1849)
* 1848-1852 : His Imperial Highness Prince Jérôme Napoléon (french: Jérôme Napoléon) (1784-1860)
* 1852-1853 : général de division Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova
Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova (; born 8 March 1778 in Corte; died 22 March 1853 in Paris), duc de Padova, was a French diplomat and soldier of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. In the late 1840s, Arrighi was also involved in pol ...
(french: Jean-Thomas Arrighi de Casanova) (1778-1853), died in office while in official function tenure at age 75.
* 1853-1863 : Marshal of France Philippe Antoine, Count d’Ornano (french: Philippe Antoine d'Ornano
Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, 1st Comte d'Ornano (January 17, 1784 – October 13, 1863) was a French soldier and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France. He was made ''Count d'Ornano of the French Empire'' in 1808. He was born a ...
) (1784-1863), died in office while in official function tenure at age 79.
* 1863-1870 : général de division Anatole Charles Alexis Becelair, Marquis de La Wœstine (french: Anatole de La Wœstine) (1786-1870), senator of the Second French Empire (french: Sénateur du Second Empire); died in office while in official function tenure at age 84.
* 1870-1871 : général de division Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
Count Edmond-Charles de Martimprey (16 June 1808 – 24 February 1883) was a French soldier, briefly Governor General of Algeria, and then Senator of France for the remainder of the Second French Empire.
Life
Early years (1808–48)
Edmond-Charl ...
(french: Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
Count Edmond-Charles de Martimprey (16 June 1808 – 24 February 1883) was a French soldier, briefly Governor General of Algeria, and then Senator of France for the remainder of the Second French Empire.
Life
Early years (1808–48)
Edmond-Charl ...
) (1808-1883), Senator of the Second French Empire
The Second French Empire (; officially the French Empire, ), was the 18-year Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France.
Historians in the 1930 ...
;
* 1871-1891 : général Louis Sumpt (1816-1891), Commandant.
* 1891-1902 : général de brigade Paul-Édouard Arnoux (1822-1902), Commandant.
* 1902-1919 : général de division Gustave Léon Niox
Gustave Léon Niox ( - ) was a French général, Governor of Les Invalides, director of the Musée de l'Armée, and a military historian.
Career
Born in 1840 to Eutrope Léon Niox and Elisabeth Caroline Desrayaud, he entered the Ecole Spéciale ...
(french: Gustave Léon Niox
Gustave Léon Niox ( - ) was a French général, Governor of Les Invalides, director of the Musée de l'Armée, and a military historian.
Career
Born in 1840 to Eutrope Léon Niox and Elisabeth Caroline Desrayaud, he entered the Ecole Spéciale ...
) (1840-1921), Commandant.
* 1919-1923 : général de brigade Gabriel Malleterre (1858-1923), Commandant, died in office while in official function tenure at age 65.
* 1924-1944 : général de brigade Augustin Eugène Mariaux (french: Augustin Eugène Mariaux) (1864-1944), Commandant then Governor in 1941, died in office while in official function tenure at age 80.
* 1944-1944 : général de brigade Guy Pinon (1888-1947)
* 1944-1951 : général de division Antoine Rodes (1870-1951), died in office while in official function tenure at age 81.
* 1951-1960 : général d'armée aérienne Jean Houdémon (1885-1960), died in office while in official function tenure at age 75.
* 1961-1962 : général de division André Kientz (1896-1962), died in office while in official function tenure at age 66.
* 1962-1964 : général de corps d'armée Charles Raoul Magrin-Vernerey, dit Ralph Monclar (french: Raoul Magrin-Vernerey
Raoul Charles Magrin-Vernerey, also known as Ralph Monclar (born 7 February 1892, died 3 June 1964) was a French officer and 2nd Inspector of the Foreign Legion who fought in World War I, World War II within the ranks of the Free French Forces ...
) (1892-1964), died in office while in official function tenure at age 72.
* September 1, 1964 - March 30, 1973 : général de brigade Jacques de Grancey (1893-1973), died in office while in official function tenure at age 80.
* July 15, 1973 - July 14, 1991 : général d'armée Gabriel de Galbert (1912-2001)
* July 15, 1991 - December 31, 1996 : général d'armée Maurice Schmitt (french: Maurice Schmitt) (1930-)
* January 1, 1997 - June 30, 2002 : général d'armée Bertrand Guillaume de Sauville de La Presle (1937-)
* July 1, 2002 - June 30, 2009 : général d'armée Hervé Gobilliard (french: Hervé Gobilliard) (1941-)
* July 1, 2009 - August 31, 2014 : général d'armée Bruno Cuche(french: Bruno Cuche) (1947-)
* September 19, 2014 - May 22, 2017 : général d'armée Bertrand Ract-Madoux
Bertrand Ract-Madoux (born 9 February 1953) is a retired general in the French Army and a political candidate. He served in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Ivory Coast. He was The Republicans candidate for the 1st constituency of Drôme in the 20 ...
(french: Bertrand Ract-Madoux
Bertrand Ract-Madoux (born 9 February 1953) is a retired general in the French Army and a political candidate. He served in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Ivory Coast. He was The Republicans candidate for the 1st constituency of Drôme in the 20 ...
) (1953-)
* August 1, 2017 – present : général de corps d'armée Christophe de Saint-Chamas(french: Christophe de Saint-Chamas) (1959-)
Gallery Les Invalides
Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
in 1700.
File:Louis XIV Invalides Pierre Denis Martin.JPG, Hôtel Royal des Invalides visited by Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of Ve ...
.
File:Invalides 1683.jpg, Les Invalides in 1683 under Louis XIV.
File:Invalides aerial view.jpg, Hôtel des Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
, aerial view.The height of Les Invalides is recorded at 107m at the top of the Dôme.
See also
* Military governor of Paris *Lieutenant-General (France) Lieutenant-Général (french: Lieutenant-Général) in France, was a title and rank across various military and security institutions with history dating back well beyond the 18th century. The official historic succession of the "Lieutenant-Génér ...
*Marshal of France
Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1 ...
*Major (France)
() in France, is a senior superior military rank (french: grade militaire) across various military and security institutions with history dating back well beyond the 18th century.
Typically, the contemporary rank of Major is situated differe ...
*général de division
Divisional general is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French (Revolutionary) System, and is used by a number of countries. The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps ...
See also
*Musée de l'Armée
The Musée de l'Armée (; "Army Museum") is a national military museum of France located at Les Invalides in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is served by Paris Métro stations Invalides, Varenne and La Tour-Maubourg
The Musée de l'Armé ...
External links
* Official Website ofLes Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
{{URL, www.invalides.org.
References
Notes