Governance without government is a form of

governance Governance is the process of interactions through the laws, norms, power or language of an organized society over a social system ( family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a territory or across territories). It is done by the gove ...

which uses non-governmental means of government. It is a paradigm opposing modern democracy. Modern democracy uses democratic procedures and institutions, including legislation and

communicative rationality Communicative rationality or communicative reason (german: kommunikative Rationalität) is a theory or set of theories which describes human rationality as a necessary outcome of successful communication. This theory, borne from the over inflation ...

, whereas governance without government uses laws of nature instead of legislation, and one-way communication instead of dialogue. Governance without government relates to

managed democracy Guided democracy, also called managed democracy, is a formally democratic government that functions as a ''de facto'' authoritarian government or in some cases, as an autocratic government. Such hybrid regimes are legitimized by elections tha ...

, and to inverted totalitarianism, dismantling public institutions and giving power to institutions where democratic claims are not valid, e.g. big corporations and secret societies.

Studies in governance without government

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri

Michael Hardt Michael Hardt (born 1960) is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book ''Empire'', which was co-written with Antonio Negri. Hardt and Negri suggest that several forces which they see as domin ...

and

Antonio Negri Antonio "Toni" Negri (born 1 August 1933) is an Italian Spinozistic-Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of ''Empire'' and secondarily for his work on Spinoza. Born in Padua, he became a political p ...

describe governance without government as the method of governing an

empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

, by which they mean the current

world-system A world-system is a socioeconomic system, under systems theory, that encompasses part or all of the globe, detailing the aggregate structural result of the sum of the interactions between polities. World-systems are usually larger than single s ...

based on Friedmanite economics and military power. Thus governance without government uses governmental agencies to promote itself.

Georg Simmel

Georg Simmel uses German concept "Form des Beharrens" meaning the idea of governance without government, in connection to monetarist idea of economic exchange in fixed-monetary-base regime.

Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence ...

sees independent i.e. Friedmanite

central bank A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central b ...

s as the key powerholders, connecting them to Chicago economics, and Chicago economics to one-way communication, economists being not willing to discuss and keen to explain.

Hans-Peter Martin and Harald Schumann

Hans-Peter Martin and Harald Schumann describe year 1989 as the end of the modern era and beginning of the non-democratic regimes around the world attacking against the welfare of the majority of people.

Naomi Klein

Naomi Klein describes year 1989 as the beginning of Washington consensus and the policy of denying all discussion about alternative economic policies.

Larry Catá Backer

Larry Catá Backer describes the organization of economics within multinational enterprise and in global production chains as the basis for governance that in some respects displaces the traditional organization of politics in government within states. Backer, Larry Catá: "Governance Without Government: An Overview," in Beyond Territoriality: Transnational Legal Authority in an Age of Globalization 87-123 (Günther Handl, Joachim Zekoll, Peer Zumbansen, editors, Leiden, Netherlands & Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2012).

References

{{Reflist Governance