Anapa (russian: Ана́па, ) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an o ...
in
Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
, located on the northern coast of the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...
near the
Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Ker ...
. Population:
History
The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of
Sindica
The Sindi ( grc, Σινδοι, Sindoi; la, Sindi) were an ancient Scythian people who primarily lived in western Ciscaucasia. A portion of the Sindi also lived in Central Europe. Their name is variously written, and Pomponius Mela calls them Sin ...
. The colony of Gorgippia ( el, Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by
Pontic Greeks
The Pontic Greeks ( pnt, Ρωμαίοι, Ρωμίοι, tr, Pontus Rumları or , el, Πόντιοι, or , , ka, პონტოელი ბერძნები, ), also Pontian Greeks or simply Pontians, are an ethnically Greek group i ...
, who named it after a king of the
Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (, ''Vasíleio toú Kimmerikoú Vospórou''), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus ...
, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the
Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum (russian: Государственный Русский музей), formerly the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (russian: Русский Музей Императора Александра III), on ...
. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or
Adyghe origin (specifically of the
Natkhuay tribe), gave Anapa its modern name.
Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the
Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (; grc, Σαρμαται, Sarmatai; Latin: ) were a large confederation of ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples of classical antiquity who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th cen ...
,
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths ( la, Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Gothic kingdoms within the Roman Empire, based upon the large Gothic populations who ...
,
Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part ...
,
Avars,
Gokturks,
Khazars
The Khazars ; he, כּוּזָרִים, Kūzārīm; la, Gazari, or ; zh, 突厥曷薩 ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people that in the late 6th-century CE established a major commercial empire coverin ...
,
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...
and
Circassians
The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia ...
who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the
Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. The Turks later built a fort against the Russian Cossacks. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See . It was included in
Black Sea Okrug
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
of
Kuban Oblast
The Kuban Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part o ...
and was granted town status in 1846.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia.
Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...
. It became part of
Black Sea Governorate in 1896.
Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via ...
, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of
Kuban-Black Sea Oblast
Kuban Black Sea Oblast (russian: Куба́но-Черномо́рская о́бласть) was an administrative division (an ''oblast'') of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which existed in 1920–1924.
When Soviet power was re ...
in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
with the help of
Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Anapsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is, together with three
rural localities, incorporated separately as the
Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
.
As a
municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of
Anapsky District are incorporated as
Anapa Urban Okrug
Anapa Urban Okrug (russian: городско́й о́круг Ана́па) is a subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions, municipal formation (an urban okrug) in Krasnodar Krai, Russia,Law #676-KZ one of the seven urban okrugs in the krai. Its t ...
.
[Charter of Anapa Urban Okrug][Law #676-KZ]
Tourism
The town boasts a number of
sanatoria
A sanatorium (from Latin '' sānāre'' 'to heal, make healthy'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, are antiquated names for specialised hospitals, for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments and convalescence. Sanatoriums are ofte ...
and hotels. Anapa,
Sochi
Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents i ...
, and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea have enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity among Russians since the dissolution of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
and
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...
. Anapa is served by the
Anapa Airport.
Anapa, like the other Black Sea coast resorts, has a superb sunny summer climate. Anapa has beautiful, mostly sandy beaches. However, Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or
Krasnodar
Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southe ...
. Anapa remains an attractive option for Russians who prefer the inexpensive Russian resort to other destinations.
Transportation
Анапа.Вокзал.JPG, Train station in Anapa
Аэропорт_Анапа_1.jpg, Anapa Airport
Transportation facilities include the
Anapa Airport, a railway station, an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships, a bus station, and a network of highways.
Climate
Anapa has a
humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...
''Cfa'') with mediterranean (''Csa'') influences at the lower elevations.
Compared to cities further south along the coast like
Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk ( rus, Новоросси́йск, p=nəvərɐˈsʲijsk; ady, ЦIэмэз, translit=Chəməz, p=t͡sʼɜmɜz) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the few cities hono ...
and
Sochi
Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents i ...
, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters.
Culture
The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center. There are twenty nine public libraries including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 roubles, in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.
There is museum of Local History () on Protapova Street.
Architecture and sights
*The Gorgippia Archeological museum
*Gates of Turkish fortress
*Church of St. Onuphrius
*Lighthouse
*Wildlife preserve of
Bolshoy Utrish
Bolshoi (, meaning ''big'', ''large'', ''great'', ''grand'', etc.) may refer to:
*Bolshoi Theatre, a ballet and opera theatre in Moscow, Russia
**Bolshoi Ballet, a ballet company at the Bolshoi Theatre
*Bolshoi Theatre, Saint Petersburg, a ballet a ...
south of
Sukko
List of mayors
*
Maria Skobtsova
*Valentin Mashukov
*Germogen Korolyov
*Mikhail Boyur
*Vitaly Astapenko
*Vladimir Tsukanov
*
Anatoly Pakhomov
Anatoliy Nikolayevich Pakhomov (Russian Анатолий Николаевич Пахомов) (born 1960 in Krasnodar Krai) is a Russian politician. He is currently the mayor of Sochi.
Pakhomov served as the mayor of the town of Anapa from 2005 ...
*Tatyana Yevsikova
Activities carried out in the town
*
Kinoshock Film Festival
*Blue-eyed Anapa song Festival
*
Russian coast guard academy
Twin towns and sister cities
Anapa is
twinned with:
*
Gomel
Gomel (russian: Гомель, ) or Homiel ( be, Гомель, ) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and the second-largest city in Belarus with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census).
Etymology
There are at least six narratives of the o ...
,
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
*
Novy Urengoy
Novy Urengoy (russian: Но́вый Уренго́й, lit: “New Urengoy”; Nenets: Едэй Уренгой, ''Edėy Urengoy'') is a city in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: It is the second largest city in the autonomous ...
, Russia
*
Larissa
Larissa (; el, Λάρισα, , ) is the capital and largest city of the Thessaly region in Greece. It is the fifth-most populous city in Greece with a population of 144,651 according to the 2011 census. It is also capital of the Larissa regiona ...
, Greece
Gallery
Anapa. Administration.JPG, Administration building
Anapa. Anapka river.JPG, Anapa river
Анапа 2011 (0001).jpg, The sea in Anapa
Anapa. Lighthouse.JPG, Lighthouse
Anapa. Svyato-Onufrievsky hram.jpg, temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great
Русские ворота и остатки стен крепости - back view.JPG, The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
Анапа 2011 (0003).jpg, Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum
Anapa beach.jpg, Beach in the Little Bay
Anapa estrada.jpg, Concert platform "Summer Estrada"
Anapa_chapel.jpg, Chapel of the Prophet Hosea
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
External links
Official website of Anapa Urban OkrugAnapa Information PortalDirectory of organizations in Anapa
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai
Populated places established in the 6th century BC
Milesian Pontic colonies
Bosporan Kingdom
Seaside resorts in Russia
Territories of the Republic of Genoa
1846 establishments in the Russian Empire