Gonville And Caius College, Cambridge

Gonville & Caius College (often referred to simply as Caius ) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in

Cambridge

,

England

. Originally founded in 1348, it is the fourth-oldest of the thirty-one colleges at the University of Cambridge and one of the wealthiest. The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-most of any Oxbridge college (after Trinity College, Cambridge).

The college has long historical associations with medical teaching, especially due to its alumni physicians:

John Caius

(who gave the college the

caduceus

in its insignia) and

William Harvey

. Other famous alumni in the sciences include

Francis Crick

(joint discoverer, along with

James Watson

, of the structure of

DNA

),

James Chadwick

(discoverer of the

neutron

) and

Howard Florey

(developer of

penicillin

).

Stephen Hawking

, previously Cambridge's Lucasian Chair of Mathematics Emeritus, was a fellow of the college until his death in 2018. The college also maintains reputable academic programmes in many different disciplines, including law, economics, English literature and history. Other notable alumni include former Chancellor of the Exchequer and Father of the House of Commons, Kenneth Clarke, comedian and television presenter Jimmy Carr,

John Venn

, inventor of the Venn diagram and

Alastair Campbell

, former aide to

Tony Blair

.

Several streets in the city, such as Harvey Road, Glisson Road and Gresham Road, are named after alumni of the College. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, founding other colleges like Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on the Sidgwick Site, e.g. for the Squire Law Library.

History

The college was first founded, as ''Gonville Hall'', by Edmund Gonville, Rector of Terrington St Clement in

Norfolk

in 1348, making it the fourth-oldest surviving college. When Gonville died three years later, he left a struggling institution with almost no money. The executor of his will, William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, stepped in, transferring the college to its current location. He leased himself the land close to the river to set up his own college, Trinity Hall, and renamed Gonville Hall ''The Hall of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary''. Bateman appointed as the first Master of the new college his former chaplain John Colton, later Archbishop of Armagh.

By the sixteenth century, the college had fallen into disrepair, and in 1557 it was refounded by

Royal Charter

as ''Gonville & Caius College'' by the physician

John Caius

. John Caius was master of the college from 1559 until shortly before his death in 1573. He provided the college with significant funds and greatly extended the buildings.

During his time as Master, Caius accepted no payment but insisted on several unusual rules. He insisted that the college admit no scholar who "is deformed, dumb, blind, lame, maimed, mutilated, a Welshman, or suffering from any grave or contagious illness, or an invalid, that is sick in a serious measure". Caius also built a three-sided court, Caius Court, "lest the air from being confined within a narrow space should become foul". Caius did, however, found the college as a strong centre for the study of

medicine

, a tradition that it aims to keep to this day.

By 1630, the college had expanded greatly, having around 25 fellows and 150 students, but numbers fell over the next century, returning to the 1630 level only in the early nineteenth century. Since then the college has grown considerably and now has one of the largest undergraduate populations in the university. The college first admitted

women

as fellows and students in 1979. It now has over 110 Fellows, over 700 students and about 200 staff.

Gonville & Caius is one of the wealthiest of all Cambridge colleges with an endowment of £221 million in 2018.

The college's present Master, the 43rd, is Pippa Rogerson.

Buildings and grounds

Old Courts

The first buildings to be erected on the college's current site date from 1353 when Bateman built Gonville Court. The college chapel was added in 1393 with the Old Hall (used until recently as a library) and Master's Lodge following in the next half century. Most of the stone used to build the college came from Ramsey Abbey near Ramsey, Cambridgeshire. Gonville and Caius has the oldest purpose-built college chapel in either Oxford or Cambridge which has been in continuous use as such. The chapel is situated centrally within the college, reflecting the college's religious foundation.

On the re-foundation by Caius, the college was expanded and updated. In 1565 the building of Caius Court began, and Caius planted an avenue of trees in what is now known as Tree Court. He was also responsible for the building of the college's three gates, symbolising the path of academic life. On matriculation, one arrives at the Gate of Humility (near the Porters' Lodge). In the centre of the college one passes through the Gate of Virtue regularly. And finally, graduating students pass through the Gate of Honour on their way to the neighbouring

Senate House

to receive their degrees. The Gate of Honour, at the south side of Caius Court, though the most direct way from the Old Courts to the College Library (''Cockerell Building''), is only used for special occasions such as graduation. The students of Gonville and Caius commonly refer to the fourth gate in the college, between Tree Court and Gonville Court, which also gives access to some lavatories, as the Gate of Necessity.

The buildings of Gonville Court were given classical

facade

s in the 1750s, and the Old Library and the Hall were designed by Anthony Salvin in 1854. On the wall of the Hall hangs a college flag which in 1912 was flown at the South Pole by Cambridge's Edward Adrian Wilson during the famous Terra Nova Expedition of 1910–1913. Gonville Court, though remodelled in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is the oldest part of the college. New lecture rooms were designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed by Rattee and Kett in 1884.

Tree Court is the largest of the Old Courts. It is so named because John Caius planted an avenue of trees there. Although none of the original trees survive, the court retains a number of trees and the tree-lined avenue, which is unusual for a Cambridge front court.

West Road site

Caius owns a substantial amount of land between West Road and Sidgwick Avenue. Set in landscaped gardens, the modern Harvey Court (named after

William Harvey

and designed by Leslie Martin) was built on the West Road site in 1961. Adjacent to Harvey Court is the Stephen Hawking Building, which opened its doors to first-year undergraduates in October 2006. Providing ensuite accommodation for 75 students and eight fellows, as well as providing conference facilities in the vacations, the Stephen Hawking Building boasts some of the highest-standard student accommodation in Cambridge.

Additional buildings provide housing for older students, a day care, and various study and music rooms. The college also owns extensive gardens and the land on which the adjacent Squire Law Library has stood since 1995.

Library

Caius also has one of the largest libraries in Oxbridge, housed in the Cockerell Building. Caius acquired the lease on the building, which previously housed the Seeley History Library and the Squire Law Library, in the 1990s. The college library was relocated there from Gonville Court in the summer of 1996, following an extensive renovation.

Other courts and college accommodation

These courts are across

Trinity Street

on land surrounding St Michael's Church. St Michael's Court was completed only in the 1930s, with the building on its south side of a new building overlooking the Market Place.

The college also owns several houses around Cambridge, on Mortimer Road and Gresham Road, where some second year undergraduates live, and on Harvey Road and St Paul's Road, which are occupied by graduate students.

Grounds

The Fellows' garden lies just beyond Harvey Court, on Sidgwick Avenue. The extensive sports fields are located on Barton Road, a few minute's walk from Harvey Court.

Traditions

Gonville and Caius College maintains many traditions, and is unusual in that it offers two seatings in Hall six nights a week. Typically attended by between 200–300 students, Hall consists of a three-course meal served after 18:00 (First Hall) or 19:15 (Formal Hall); Formal Hall requires a gown be worn, also seats Fellows at high table, and is preceded by the benediction:

''Benedic, Domine, nobis et donis tuis quae ex largitate tua sumus sumpturi; et concede ut, ab iis salubriter enutriti, tibi debitum obsequium praestare valeamus, per Jesum Christum dominum nostrum; mensae caelestis nos participes facias, Rex aeternae gloriae.'

As at most Oxbridge colleges, it is tradition that only the Fellows may walk on the grass.

The college also enforces the system of " exeats", or official permissions to leave the college. Students wishing to be absent from college overnight during term time must obtain leave to do so from their tutors, and "terminal exeats" must be obtained before the end of term.

Student life

Caius Boat Club

is the college's boat club, with the men's 1st

VIII

remaining unbeaten in the seasons of 2010/11 and of 2011/2012, and (as of 2019) is currently in possession of both the Lent and May

Bumps

headships.

Caius Jazz takes place most terms in the college bar, inviting 'some of the most illustrious names in the contemporary scene' and a house band of students studying at London conservatoires to play in the college bar. In recent years Steve Fishwick, Sam Mayne, Ian Shaw, Barry Green, Gareth Lockrane, and Paul Jarvis have all been featured.

The Caius May Ball is an all-night party in June, held every two years.

Choir

The choir was founded by the composer

Charles Wood

in the late nineteenth century, and was most recently directed by the scholar of South-American choral music, Geoffrey Webber until his resignation in 2019. The choir tours abroad and records eclectically. The choir is made up from Scholars and Exhibitioners from the college, and a few volunteers from other colleges.

JCR

The college currently has a GCSU (Gonville and Caius Student Union). George Skeen is the current president.

Gonville and Caius Updates

Notable members

Nobel Prize laureates

* 1932 Charles Scott Sherrington – neurophysiologist (student and fellow).
* 1935

James Chadwick

– physicist, discoverer of the

neutron

(student, fellow and master).
* 1945

Howard Florey

– co-developer of penicillin (fellow).
* 1954

Max Born

– physicist.
* 1962

Francis Crick

– discovery of the structure of

DNA

(PhD student and honorary fellow).
*1972

John Hicks

– economist (fellow).
* 1974 Antony Hewish – astronomer (student and fellow).
* 1976

Milton Friedman

– economist (visiting fellow).
* 1977 Nevill Francis Mott – theoretical physicist (fellow and master).
* 1984 Richard Stone – economist.
* 2001

Joseph Stiglitz

– economist (fellow).
* 2008 Roger Tsien – chemist (fellow).
* 2013

Michael Levitt

– chemist (PhD student and research fellow).
* 2016 Michael Kosterlitz – physicist.
* 2019 Peter J. Ratcliffe – physician-scientist (student).

Notable alumni

Notable fellows and masters

* Edward Hall Alderson – mathematician, classicist, lawyer and judge (student and fellow).
* T. C. Anand Kumar – reproductive biologist and the creator of the first ''scientifically documented'' test tube baby in India (fellow).
* Peter Bayley – Drapers Professor of French (fellow).
* Victoria Bateman (née Powell) - economist, feminist; known for her nude appearances in public.
* Peter Thomas Bauer – economist (student and fellow).
* Charles Brink – classicist, Kennedy Professor of Latin (1954–74) (fellow).
*

Alastair Campbell

–

Downing Street

Press Secretary (student and fellow).
* Roger Carpenter – neurophysiologist (fellow).
*

James Chadwick

– Nobel Prize-winning physicist, discoverer of the

neutron

(student, fellow, and Master).
* John Colton – Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh (first Master).
*

Francis Crick

– co-Nobel Prize winner for the co-discovery of the structure of

DNA

(PhD student and honorary fellow).
* David Daube – the twentieth century's preeminent scholar of ancient law (fellow).
* Alfred Doll-Steinberg (1933–2012) – Austrian-born British chemical engineer
* M. J. Farrell – economist (fellow).
*

Alan Fersht

– chemist and Fellow of the Royal Society (student, fellow, and Master).
*

Thomas Fink

, physicist and author (fellow).
* Ronald Fisher – statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist (student, fellow, and President).
*

Howard Florey

– Nobel Prize-winning co-inventor of penicillin (fellow).
* James Fox – art historian and broadcaster (fellow).
*

Milton Friedman

– Nobel Prize-winning economist (visiting fellow).
*

Francis Glisson

– physician, and one of the founders of the Royal Society (fellow).
* John Hartstonge – Bishop of Derry (fellow).
*

Stephen Hawking

– theoretical physicist and former Lucasian Professor (fellow).
* Antony Hewish – Nobel Prize-winning astronomer (student and fellow).
*

John Hicks

– Nobel Prize-winning economist (fellow).
* Edmund Hickeringill – churchman (fellow)
*

Robin Holloway

– composer (fellow).
* Sarah Howe – poet (fellow).
* William Lubbock – divine.
*

Stephen Mangan

– actor
* Nevill Mott – Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist (fellow and Master).
* M. M. Pattison Muir – chemist (fellow).
* Joseph Needham – sinologist (student, fellow, and Master).
* Stephen Perse – founder of The Perse School in 1615.
* J. H. Prynne – poet (student and fellow).
* Jonathan Sacks – Chief Rabbi of British Commonwealth (fellow).
* Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim – Chief Justice of Malaysia (student and fellow).
* John Seeley – Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge (fellow).
* D.R. Shackleton Bailey – classicist (student and fellow).
* Charles Sherrington – Nobel Prize-winning neurophysiologist (student and fellow).
* Quentin Skinner – Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge (student and fellow).
*

Joseph Stiglitz

– Nobel Prize-winning economist (fellow).
*

John Venn

– inventor of the Venn diagram and historian of the College (student, fellow, and President).
* Peter Tranchell – composer (fellow).
* William Wade – English academic lawyer (student and Master).
* Joachim Whaley – German and Dutch historian. Pilkington Teaching Prize, 2010.
*

Charles Wood

– composer (fellow).
* Edward Wright (mathematician), Edward Wright – mathematician and cartographer who first explained the mathematical basis for the Mercator projection (student and fellow).
* Eugenia Cheng – mathematician, author, concert pianist (student).

Notable organ scholars

*Heathcote Dicken Statham (1908–1911)

Burials

*

John Caius

* Thomas Legge
* Stephen Perse

Gallery

File:Gate of Honour, Gonville & Caius College.jpg, The Gate of Honour
File:Cambridge - Gonville and Caius College - 0951.jpg, Dining Hall
File:Cambridge - Gonville and Caius College - 0903.jpg, Fellow Dining Room
File:Fisher-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg, Stained glass window in dining hall
File:Sherrington-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg, Stained glass window in dining hall
File:Venn-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg, Stained glass window in dining hall
File:Crick-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg, Stained glass window in dining hall
File:View from Great St Mary's Cambridge - 04.jpg, View from Great St Mary's Church
File:Cambridge - Gonville and Caius College - 1048.jpg, The library
File:Cambridge boathouses - Caius (2).jpg, The old boathouse (demolished in 2015)
File:Gonville and Caius College shield of arms on Rose Crescent, Cambridge.jpg, College crest

See also

*

Caius Boat Club

* Gonville & Caius A.F.C., Gonville & Caius Association Football Club
* Organ scholar, List of organ scholars

References

Bibliography

* Brooke, C. ''A history of Gonville and Caius College''. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 1985 (corrected reprint, 1996). .

External links

*

Gonville and Caius Students' Union Website

Gonville and Caius MCR Website

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gonville And Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,
1348 establishments in England
1557 establishments in England
Alfred Waterhouse buildings
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Grade I listed buildings in Cambridge
Grade I listed educational buildings
Organisations based in Cambridge with royal patronage