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Giling Basah is a term used by 
Most small-scale farmers in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Flores and Papua use the Giling Basah process. The mature coffee fruit, referred to as the coffee cherry, is harvested. and farmers remove the outer skin mechanically using locally built pulping machines. The coffee beans, coated with
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
n coffee processors to describe the method they use to remove the hulls of '' Coffea arabica''. Literally translated from Indonesian, the term means "wet grinding".
The Arabica coffee industry also uses the term "wet hulled" to describe the same process.
Most small-scale farmers in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Flores and Papua use the Giling Basah process. The mature coffee fruit, referred to as the coffee cherry, is harvested. and farmers remove the outer skin mechanically using locally built pulping machines. The coffee beans, coated with mucilage
Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion. The direction of their movement is always opposite to that of the secretion of m ...
, are stored for up to a day during which a natural fermentation breaks down the sticky residue. Afterwards the coffee beans, protected by a parchment hull (endocarp
Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggr ...
) are washed off before being let out to dry.
Contrary to other traditional drying methods, where the parchment coffee is dried until it reaches about 12% moisture content, the beans in the Giling Basah process are hulled when they reach between 30 and 35% moisture content; still semi-wet. The green coffee beans are then further dried to reach the exportable 12% moisture content. This operation gives the beans a unique bluish-green appearance and is thought to reduce the acidity and increase the body, resulting in the classic Indonesian cup profile. The Giling Basah process also introduces additional flavours that can be vegetal or herbal, woody or musty, sometimes earthy.
The Giling Basah process can create a "goat's foot," a split on one end, in green coffee beans. Sometimes the hulling machine partially crushes a soft bean, giving the bean a shape resembling a cloven hoof
A cloven hoof, cleft hoof, divided hoof or split hoof is a hoof split into two toes. This is found on members of the mammalian order Artiodactyla. Examples of mammals that possess this type of hoof are cattle, deer, pigs, antelopes, gazelles ...
.
See also
*Coffee production in Indonesia
Indonesia was the fourth-largest producer of coffee in the world in 2014.http://www.ico.org/prices/po-production.pdf Coffee cultivation in Indonesia began in the late 1600s and early 1700s, in the early Dutch colonial period, and has played an ...
Notes
Agriculture in Indonesia Coffee production {{coffee-stub